# Dynamic SQL

Dynamic queries give you the most flexibility in defining SQL statements.

Before proceeding to the rest of this section, see [Static Parameterized SQL](https://docs.singlestore.com/cloud/developer-resources/procedural-extensions/static-parameterized-sql.md) to understand how static parameterized queries work.

Using PSQL variables, you can substitute strings anywhere at run time. In the following example, the query `SELECT id, name FROM customer ORDER BY <column name>` is built dynamically using a string. The [EXECUTE IMMEDIATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/cloud/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/execute-immediate.md) statement uses the string to run the query.

```sql
SET sql_mode = 'PIPES_AS_CONCAT';

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS singlestore_docs_example;
CREATE DATABASE singlestore_docs_example;
use singlestore_docs_example;
CREATE TABLE product(id INT, description TEXT);

INSERT INTO product VALUES (1, 'white paper'), (2, 'blue pen'),
    (3, 'black pen');

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE get_product_data(col TEXT) AS
DECLARE
  str TEXT;
BEGIN
  str = 'ECHO SELECT id, description FROM product ORDER BY ' || col;
  EXECUTE IMMEDIATE str;
END
//
DELIMITER ;

CALL get_product_data('description');

```

Output:

```
+------+-------------+
| id   | description |
+------+-------------+
|    3 | black pen   |
|    2 | blue pen    |
|    1 | white paper |
+------+-------------+

```

More examples of dynamic queries are shown below. These queries cannot be written as static parameterized queries because column names and table names are not constant values.

```sql
SELECT <column name> FROM location`

```

```sql
INSERT INTO <table name> (id) VALUES (1),(2),(3)

```

With dynamic queries, you’re not limited to using PSQL variables that represent column and table names. For instance, you can substitute a PSQL variable for a `WHERE` clause:

```sql
SELECT id, name FROM part <WHERE clause>

```

You can also substitute a PSQL variable for a `SELECT` statement:

```sql
SELECT <rest of SELECT statement>

```

## In this section

* [Example Dynamic SQL Use Cases](https://docs.singlestore.com/cloud/developer-resources/procedural-extensions/dynamic-sql/example-dynamic-sql-use-cases.md)
* [Writing Dynamic SQL](https://docs.singlestore.com/cloud/developer-resources/procedural-extensions/dynamic-sql/writing-dynamic-sql.md)

***

Modified at: June 12, 2023

Source: [/cloud/developer-resources/procedural-extensions/dynamic-sql/](https://docs.singlestore.com/cloud/developer-resources/procedural-extensions/dynamic-sql/)

(An index of the documentation is available at /llms.txt)