# SQL Commands List Here is an alphabetical list of all the SQL commands SingleStore currently supports. This list is subject to change. | Command Name | Command Description | Grouping | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | | [ADD AGGREGATOR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/add-aggregator.md) | Adds a new child aggregator to acluster. | Cluster Management | | [ADD LEAF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/add-leaf.md) | Add a leaf node to acluster. | Cluster Management | | [AGGREGATOR SET AS MASTER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/aggregator-set-as-master.md) | Promote a child aggregator to master aggregator. | Cluster Management | | [AGGREGATOR SYNC AUTO\_INCREMENT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/aggregator-sync-auto-increment.md) | Sets the auto-increment counter on the aggregators (master or child). | Data Manipulation Language | | [ALTER DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/alter-database.md) | The`ALTER DATABASE`command specifies if an existing database should begin using synchronous or asynchronous replication. | Data Definition Language | | [ALTER LINK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/alter-link.md) | Modifies an existing connection link. | Security Management | | [ALTER NODE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/alter-node.md) | The`ALTER NODE`command can be used to set: | Cluster Management | | [ALTER PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/alter-pipeline.md) | The`ALTER PIPELINE`clause changes an existing pipeline’s configuration. | Pipeline | | [ALTER RESOURCE POOL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/resource-pool-commands/alter-resource-pool.md) | Changes the resource settings in an existing resource pool. | Resource Pool | | [ALTER TABLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/alter-table.md) | Modify the structure of an existing table. | Data Definition Language | | [ALTER USER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/alter-user.md) | Alters settings associated with the user. To change a user password, use the[SET PASSWORD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/set-password.md)command. | Security Management | | [ALTER VIEW](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/alter-view.md) | Atomically replace a view with a new view defined by a`SELECT`statement.`ALTER VIEW`is an online operation and will not cause concurrently executing queries to fail. | Data Definition Language | | [ANALYZE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/analyze.md) | Collects statistics for a table. | Operational | | [ANALYZE FULLTEXT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/full-text-search-functions/analyze-fulltext.md) | Displays the tokens generated by a Lucene analyzer for a string. | Full-Text Search | | [ARRAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/array.md) | The`ARRAY`data type inSingleStoreProcedural SQL (PSQL) represents a collection of elements that share the same data type. | Procedural | | [ATTACH DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/attach-database.md) | Restores an unlimited storage database at a restore point and then brings the database online. | Operational | | [ATTACH LEAF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/attach-leaf.md) | Attaches a detached leaf into thecluster, re-introducing its data (if possible). | Cluster Management | | [ATTACH LEAF ALL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/attach-leaf-all.md) | Attaches all leaves in aclusterthat are currently in the`detached`state. | Cluster Management | | [BACKUP DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/backup-database.md) | Backs up a database. The backup files are saved on the master aggregator and on the leaves. | Operational | | [BEGIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/begin.md) | Commits any existing open transaction on the current connection and starts a new transaction. | Data Manipulation Language | | [BOOTSTRAP AGGREGATOR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/bootstrap-aggregator.md) | Promotes a node to Master Aggregator. | Cluster Management | | [CALL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/call.md) | Runs the specified stored procedure. Does not return results. | Procedural | | [CHECK BLOB CHECKSUM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/check-blob-checksum.md) | `CHECK BLOB CHECKSUM`checks for and displays columnstore blob file corruptions. Applies to the blobs in local disk and local blob cache. | Operational | | [CHECK BOTTOMLESS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/check-bottomless.md) | `CHECK BOTTOMLESS CHECKSUM`checks the checksum of the blob files stored in the remote blob store. | Operational | | [CLEAR LOAD ERRORS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/clear-load-errors.md) | Removes load errors from the`information_schema.LOAD_DATA_ERRORS`table. These errors are populated by`LOAD DATA ... ERRORS HANDLE `when it runs. | Data Manipulation Language | | [CLEAR ORPHAN DATABASES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/clear-orphan-databases.md) | Removes orphaned partitions. Orphaned partitions are partition databases and tables on leaf nodes that are no longer considered part of thecluster. | Operational | | [COLLECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/collect.md) | After`COLLECT`executes you will typically iterate through the array to perform processing on its elements. | Procedural | | [COMMIT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/commit.md) | Commits the open transaction if one exists. | Data Manipulation Language | | [CONTINUE REPLICATING](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/continue-replicating.md) | Resume replicating the database after pausing via[PAUSE REPLICATING](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/pause-replicating.md). | Operational | | [CREATE EXTERNAL FUNCTION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/create-or-replace-external-function.md) | Creates or replaces an external function, which is a function that calls code that is executed outside of a SingleStore database. | Procedural | | [CREATE TEMPORARY PROCEDURE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/create-or-replace-temporary-procedure.md) | When the session terminates, the temporary stored procedure is no longer available. | Procedural | | [CREATE AGGREGATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/create-aggregate.md) | Creates a user-defined aggregate function (UDAF). A UDAF is a callable routine that accepts input parameters, executes programmatic logic in the function body, and returns a scalar-type value. | Procedural | | [CREATE DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/create-database.md) | Creates a database. | Data Definition Language | | [Trace Event Commands](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/trace-event-commands.md) | Creates a trace event. | Trace Events | | [CREATE FUNCTION (TVF)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/create-function-tvf.md) | The`CREATE FUNCTION`(TVF) command creates a user-defined table-valued function (TVF). A TVF is a callable routine that accepts input parameters, executes a single`SELECT`statement in the function body, and returns a single table-type value (similar to a view). | Procedural | | [CREATE FUNCTION (UDF)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/create-function-udf.md) | Creates a user-defined scalar-valued function (UDF). A UDF is a callable routine that accepts input parameters, executes programmatic logic, and returns a value (or values). | Procedural | | [CREATE GROUP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/create-group.md) | Create a group on aSingleStorecluster. | Security Management | | [CREATE INDEX](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/create-index.md) | Create an index on the specified table. | Data Definition Language | | [CREATE LINK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/create-link.md) | Creates a new connection link to S3, Azure, GCS, HDFS, HTTP,Kafka,MongoDB®, or MySQLfor a permitted user. | Security Management | | [CREATE MILESTONE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/create-milestone.md) | Records a milestone, which is a named point to which you can restore an unlimited storage database. Restoring to the milestone will bring the database to the point in time when the milestone was created. | Data Definition Language | | [CREATE PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/create-pipeline.md) | Create a new[Pipeline](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/load-data/about-singlestore-pipelines.md)to continuously extract, shape, and load data into a table, or to shape and load a set of files fast into a table, in parallel. | Pipeline | | [CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/create-procedure.md) | Creates a stored procedure. A stored procedure is a callable routine that accepts input parameters, executes programmatic logic, and optionally returns a single value. | Procedural | | [CREATE PROJECTION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/create-projection.md) | Creates a projection. | Data Definition Language | | [CREATE RESOURCE POOL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/resource-pool-commands/create-resource-pool.md) | Creates a[resource pool](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/user-and-cluster-administration/use-the-workload-manager-and-set-resource-limits/set-resource-limits.md). | Resource Pool | | [CREATE ROLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/create-role.md) | Create a role on aSingleStorecluster. | Security Management | | [CREATE TABLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/create-table.md) | Creates a new table. | Data Definition Language | | [CREATE USER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/create-user.md) | Create a new user account. | Security Management | | [CREATE VIEW](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/create-view.md) | Creates an unmaterialized view. | Data Definition Language | | [CREATE\_ARRAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/create-array.md) | Creates a new array of the specified length that is initialized with default values for the array’s inferred data type. | Procedural | | [CURRENT\_SECURITY\_GROUPS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/current-security-groups.md) | Returns a comma separated list of the current user's security groups on a SingleStorecluster. | Security Management | | [CURRENT\_SECURITY\_ROLES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/current-security-roles.md) | Returns a comma separated list in one row of the current user's security roles on a SingleStorecluster. | Security Management | | [CURRENT\_USER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/current-user.md) | Returns the details (username and hostname) of the user executing the query. | Security Management | | [DELETE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/delete.md) | `DELETE`is a DML statement that deletes rows in a table. | Data Manipulation Language | | [DESCRIBE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/describe.md) | Describe the specified table. | Data Definition Language | | [DETACH DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/detach-database.md) | Takes an unlimited storage database offline. | Operational | | [DETACH LEAF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/detach-leaf.md) | Detaches a leaf. | Cluster Management | | [DETACH LEAVES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/detach-leaf/#section-idm4611825706620833602488477063.md) | Detaches all leaves at once. | Cluster Management | | [DETACH PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/detach-pipeline.md) | The`DETACH PIPELINE`clause is similar to the`STOP PIPELINE`clause with the difference being`ALTER TABLE`can be performed on a detached pipeline for the table that is currently being referenced by the pipeline. | Pipeline | | [DROP ... FROM CROSS\_QUERY\_STATS\_CACHE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-from-cross-query-stats-cache.md) | Provides commands to remove entries from the cross query stats cache on the connected aggregator, either clearing all entries or only those associated with sampling. | Data Definition Language | | [DROP … FROM PLANCACHE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-from-plancache.md) | Forces a plan to be optimized and generated from scratch the next time it is run. | Data Definition Language | | [DROP AGGREGATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/drop-aggregate.md) | Removes a single user-defined aggregate function (UDAF) from the specified database. | Procedural | | [DROP DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-database.md) | Drops a local storage database. | Data Definition Language | | [Trace Event Commands](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/trace-event-commands.md) | Drops a trace event. | Trace Events | | [DROP FUNCTION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/drop-function.md) | Removes a single function from the specified database, including user-defined scalar-valued functions (UDFs) and user-defined table-valued functions (TVFs). | Procedural | | [DROP GROUP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/drop-group.md) | Remove a group from aSingleStorecluster. | Security Management | | [DROP INDEX](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-index.md) | Drop the specified index on the specified table. | Data Definition Language | | [DROP LINK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/drop-link.md) | Remove a connection link on S3, Azure, GCS, HDFS, or Kafka for a permitted user. | Security Management | | [DROP MILESTONE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-milestone.md) | This command deletes a milestone of a currently attached database. | Data Definition Language | | [DROP PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/drop-pipeline.md) | The`DROP PIPELINE`clause deletes a pipeline from yourSingleStorecluster. If the pipeline is currently running, it will stop it before deleting it. | Pipeline | | [DROP PROCEDURE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/drop-procedure.md) | Removes a single stored procedure from the specified database. | Procedural | | [DROP PROJECTION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-projection.md) | Drops an existing projection. | Data Definition Language | | [DROP RESOURCE POOL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/resource-pool-commands/drop-resource-pool.md) | Drop the specified resource pool. | Resource Pool | | [DROP RESULT TABLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-result-table.md) | Drops the specified result table. | Data Definition Language | | [DROP ROLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/drop-role.md) | Remove a role from aSingleStorecluster. | Security Management | | [DROP TABLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-table.md) | Drop the specified table. | Data Definition Language | | [DROP USER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/drop-user.md) | Removes one or more user accounts. | Security Management | | [DROP VIEW](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/drop-view.md) | Drop a view. | Data Definition Language | | [ECHO](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/echo.md) | Runs a stored procedure and returns a set of rows as a result. | Procedural | | [ECHO SELECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/echo-select.md) | The ECHO SELECT command executes the specified SELECT statement within a stored procedure and returns the resulting rows to the console or to the application that called the stored procedure. | Procedural | | [EXCEPT and MINUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/except-and-minus.md) | The`EXCEPT`and`MINUS`commands compare the results of two queries and return the distinct rows from the first query that do not appear in the second query. | Data Manipulation Language | | [EXECUTE IMMEDIATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/execute-immediate.md) | Runs a SQL query. | Procedural | | [EXISTS AND NOT EXISTS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/exists-and-not-exists.md) | The EXISTS AND NOT EXISTS command Used with a subquery to check if the subquery returns a record. | Data Manipulation Language | | [EXPLAIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/explain.md) | Returns detailed information on how the query is executed. | Data Manipulation Language | | [EXPLAIN REBALANCE ALL DATABASES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/explain-rebalance-all-databases.md) | Returns the set of steps that`REBALANCE ALL DATABASES`would run if you executed it now. | Cluster Management | | [EXPLAIN REBALANCE PARTITIONS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/explain-rebalance-partitions.md) | The`EXPLAIN REBALANCE PARTITIONS`command returns the set of steps that`REBALANCE PARTITIONS`would run if you executed it now. | Cluster Management | | [EXPLAIN RESTORE REDUNDANCY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/explain-restore-redundancy.md) | Returns the set of steps`RESTORE REDUNDANCY`would run if executed. | Cluster Management | | [EXPORT TELEMETRY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/export-telemetry.md) | Writes usage telemetry data to a file. | Operational | | [FILL and FLUSH CONNECTION POOLS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/fill-and-flush-connection-pools.md) | The FILL and FLUSH CONNECTION POOLS command Used to open and close (reset) connections to leaf nodes. | Cluster Management | | [FLUSH HOSTS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/flush-hosts.md) | Flushes the forward and reverse caches for DNS/IP lookup. | Cluster Management | | [FULLTEXT SERVICE STOP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/fulltext-service-stop.md) | Stops the full-text V2 service. | Operational | | [GRANT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/grant.md) | Grants the specified privileges to an existing user. | Security Management | | [GRANT GROUP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/grant-group.md) | Add a user to a group. | Security Management | | [GRANT ROLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/grant-role.md) | Add a role to a group. | Security Management | | [INSERT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/insert.md) | Inserts data into a table. | Data Manipulation Language | | [INSERT\_ALL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/insert-all.md) | Inserts an array of records into a table in a single operation. | Procedural | | [INTERSECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/intersect.md) | The`INTERSECT`command combines the result set of two queries and returns distinct rows that are returned by both queries. | Data Manipulation Language | | [KILL CONNECTION and KILL QUERY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/kill-connection-and-kill-query.md) | Kill the connection on the specified thread. Rolls back any query running on the thread. | Operational | | [KILLALL QUERIES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/killall-queries.md) | Kills all running queries or closes all connections. | Operational | | [LOAD DATA](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/load-data.md) | The`LOAD DATA`command imports data stored in a CSV, JSON, BSON, Avro, or Parquet file into aSingleStoretable (referred to as the destination table in this topic). | Data Manipulation Language | | [OPTIMIZE TABLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/optimize-table.md) | The OPTIMIZE TABLE Performs optimizations on the storage of rows in a table. | Data Definition Language | | [PAUSE REPLICATING](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/pause-replicating.md) | Pause replicating a database. | Operational | | [PIVOT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/pivot.md) | The`PIVOT`operation lets you transform non-aggregated data into a pivot table output format. | Data Manipulation Language | | [PROFILE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/profile.md) | Provides detailed resources usage metrics about a query. | Data Manipulation Language | | [PROFILE PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/profile-pipeline.md) | The PROFILE PIPELINE command uns a single batch in the foreground to provide detailed resource metrics for each operation in your pipeline. The batch itself is not persisted. | Pipeline | | [PROMOTE AGGREGATOR … TO MASTER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/promote-aggregator-to-master.md) | This command promotes a child aggregator node to master, while demoting the current master to child. | Cluster Management | | [QUERY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/query.md) | SingleStoreProcedural SQL (PSQL) supports the`QUERY`data type, whose value represents a SQL`SELECT`statement, optionally with bound variable values. | Procedural | | [REBALANCE ALL DATABASES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/rebalance-all-databases.md) | Rebalances the partitions on all databases in thecluster. | Cluster Management | | [REBALANCE PARTITIONS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/rebalance-partitions.md) | Rebalances the partitions for a database. | Cluster Management | | [RECORD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/record.md) | SingleStoreProcedural SQL (PSQL) supports the`RECORD`data type, which is an encapsulated group of named fields. | Procedural | | [REMOVE AGGREGATOR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/remove-aggregator.md) | Removes a child aggregator from acluster. | Cluster Management | | [REMOVE LEAF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/remove-leaf.md) | Removes a leaf node from aclusterwithout deleting its data. | Cluster Management | | [REMOVE LEAVES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/remove-leaf/#section-idm4611825696624033602572566611.md) | Removes all leaf nodes from aclusterwithout deleting its data. | Cluster Management | | [REOPTIMIZE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/reoptimize.md) | Reoptimize the most recently profiled query based on previous executions of it. | Data Manipulation Language | | [REOPTIMIZE MARK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/reoptimize-mark.md) | Manually mark a plan for[Feedback Reoptimization](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/query-data/query-tuning/feedback-reoptimization.md). | Data Manipulation Language | | [REPAIR DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/repair-database.md) | This command is deprecated. | Operational | | [REPLACE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/replace.md) | If the table has a`PRIMARY KEY`or`UNIQUE`index,`REPLACE`will check rows for a matching value and, if a match is found, will delete the old row and replace it with the new row. | Data Manipulation Language | | [REPLICATE DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/replicate-database.md) | Starts or continues replicating a database from a remote host to the local host. | Operational | | [RESTORE DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/restore-database.md) | Restores a database from a binary backup file. | Operational | | [RESTORE REDUNDANCY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/restore-redundancy.md) | Restore redundancy by replicating any partitions with only one instance. | Cluster Management | | [REVOKE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/revoke.md) | Revoke privileges from aSingleStoreuser or role. | Security Management | | [REVOKE GROUP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/revoke-group.md) | Remove a user from a group. | Security Management | | [REVOKE ROLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/revoke-role.md) | Remove a role from a group. | Security Management | | [ROLLBACK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/rollback.md) | Rolls back the open transaction if one exists. | Data Manipulation Language | | [ROW](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/row.md) | The`ROW()`function constructs a`RECORD`object that may be used in an expression or assigned into a`RECORD`type variable. | Procedural | | [SCALAR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/scalar.md) | The`SCALAR`function executes a query that returns a single value. | Procedural | | [SECURITY\_LISTS\_INTERSECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/security-lists-intersect.md) | `SECURITY_LISTS_INTERSECT()`is a function that returns a list of a assigned roles for a user. | Security Management | | [SELECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/select.md) | Retrieves data from a table. | Data Manipulation Language | | [SELECT GLOBAL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/select-global.md) | Inspect the setting of a global engine variable. | Operational | | [SET and SET SESSION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/set-and-set-session.md) | Sets a session variable. The variable’s value remains in effect during an active connection to the database. | Operational | | [SET AGGREGATOR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/set-aggregator.md) | Sets a sync variable to propagate to all aggregators in thecluster. | Operational | | [SET CLUSTER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/set-cluster.md) | Sets a sync variable. Depending on the variable, the updated value is propagated to all nodes in theclusteror all aggregators in thecluster. | Operational | | [SET GLOBAL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/set-global.md) | Sets an engine variable globally. | Operational | | [SET LEAF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/set-leaf.md) | Sets a sync variable to propagate to all leaves in thecluster. | Operational | | [SET PASSWORD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/set-password.md) | Sets a user’s password. | Security Management | | [SHOW AGGREGATES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/show-aggregates.md) | Lists any existing user-defined aggregate functions (UDAF) in the specified database. | Procedural | | [SHOW AGGREGATORS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/show-aggregators.md) | Show the aggregators in acluster. | Cluster Management | | [SHOW CDC EXTRACTOR POOL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-cdc-extractor-pool.md) | Displays information about the CDC-in pipelines. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CHARACTER SET](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-character-set.md) | Shows supported character sets and the default collation for each character set. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CLUSTER STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/show-cluster-status.md) | Shows information about partitions within aclusterincluding replication role, replication state, and replication position, across all databases. | Cluster Management | | [SHOW COLLATION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-collation.md) | Lists available collations and character sets. | Show Commands | | [SHOW COLUMNS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-columns.md) | Show the list of columns within a given table. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CREATE AGGREGATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/show-create-aggregate.md) | Shows the function definition and other attributes for a user-defined aggregate function (UDAF). | Procedural | | [SHOW CREATE FUNCTION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/show-create-function.md) | Outputs configuration information about an existing user-defined function, including user-defined scalar value functions (UDFs) and user-defined table-valued functions (TVFs). | Procedural | | [SHOW CREATE LINK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-create-link.md) | Shows the`CREATE LINK`command used to create a link. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CREATE PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-create-pipeline.md) | You can use the`SHOW CREATE PIPELINE`clause to output a`CREATE PIPELINE`statement that can be used to duplicate the configuration and state of an existing pipeline. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CREATE PROJECTION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-create-projection.md) | Shows the`CREATE PROJECTION`statement that was used to create the projection. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/show-create-procedure.md) | Shows the definition, procedure body, and other attributes for a stored procedure. | Procedural | | [SHOW CREATE TABLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-create-table.md) | Shows the`CREATE TABLE`statement that was used to create the table. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CREATE VIEW](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-create-view.md) | Shows the`CREATE VIEW`statement that was used to create the view. | Show Commands | | [SHOW CROSS\_QUERY\_STATS\_CACHE STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-cross-query-stats-cache-status.md) | Shows aggregate statistics about the cross query stats cache on the connected aggregator. | Show Commands | | [SHOW DATABASE STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-database-status.md) | ShowsSingleStoredatabase status. | Show Commands | | [SHOW DATABASES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-databases.md) | Shows the list of databases that exist on thisSingleStoreinstance. | Show Commands | | [SHOW DISTRIBUTED\_PLANCACHE STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-distributed-plancache-status.md) | Provides information about the status and performance of the[Distributed Plancache](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/user-and-cluster-administration/maintain-your-cluster/managing-memory/distributed-plancache.md). | Show Commands | | [SHOW ERRORS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-errors.md) | Displays errors as a result of execution of an invalid statement. | Show Commands | | [SHOW FEEDBACK REOPTIMIZATION STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-feedback-reoptimization-status.md) | Displays system-wide Feedback Reoptimization (FR) information. | Show Commands | | [SHOW FULLTEXT INDEX STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-fulltext-index-status.md) | Shows the status of full-text index creation. | Show Commands | | [SHOW FULLTEXT SERVICE METRICS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-fulltext-service-metrics.md) | Displays metrics for the JLucene full-text search in JSON format. | Show Commands | | [SHOW FULLTEXT SERVICE STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-fulltext-service-status.md) | Shows the status of the full-text V2 service. | Show Commands | | [SHOW FUNCTIONS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/show-functions.md) | Lists any existing user-defined functions in the specified database, including user-defined scalar-valued functions (UDFs) and user-defined table-valued functions (TVFs). | Procedural | | [SHOW GLOBAL STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-global-status.md) | Show globalSingleStoreserver status information. | Show Commands | | [SHOW GRANTS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-grants.md) | Show permissions (privileges) for the specified user (or role). | Security Management | | [SHOW GROUPS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-groups.md) | Shows the list of groups on acluster. | Security Management | | [SHOW GROUPS FOR ROLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-groups-for-role.md) | Show groups for a specific role. | Security Management | | [SHOW GROUPS FOR USER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-groups-for-user.md) | Show groups for a specific user. | Security Management | | [SHOW INDEX, SHOW INDEXES, SHOW KEYS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-index-show-indexes-show-keys.md) | Displays the list of indexes associated with a given table. | Show Commands | | [SHOW LEAF STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-leaf-status.md) | Shows the leaf status. | Show Commands | | [SHOW LEAVES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/show-leaves.md) | Shows the leaves in acluster. | Cluster Management | | [SHOW LINKS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-links.md) | Show all connection links on S3, Azure, GCS, HDFS, or Kafka for a permitted user. | Security Management | | [SHOW LOAD ERRORS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-load-errors.md) | This command is deprecated. You can now query the[information\_schema.LOAD\_DATA\_ERRORS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/load-data.md)table to see the errors that occurred after running the`LOAD DATA`command. | Show Commands | | [SHOW LOAD WARNINGS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-load-warnings.md) | This command is deprecated. You can now query the[information\_schema.LOAD\_DATA\_ERRORS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/load-data.md)table to see the warnings that occurred after running the`LOAD DATA`command. | Show Commands | | [SHOW PARTITIONS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-partitions.md) | Shows partitions and relevant information about them. | Show Commands | | [SHOW PIPELINES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-pipelines.md) | You can see all existing pipelines in a database and their current state by using the`SHOW PIPELINES`statement. | Show Commands | | [SHOW PLAN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-plan.md) | Displays the[EXPLAIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/explain.md)plan of a query as per the plan ID. | Show Commands | | [SHOW PLANCACHE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-plancache.md) | Shows all query statements thatSingleStorehas compiled and executed, as well as cumulative query execution statistics associated with each plan. | Show Commands | | [SHOW PROCESSLIST](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-processlist.md) | Shows details about currently running threads. | Show Commands | | [SHOW PROCEDURES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/show-procedures.md) | Lists existing stored procedures in the current or the specified database. | Procedural | | [SHOW PROJECTIONS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-projections.md) | Shows projections created on the current database or specified table. | Show Commands | | [SHOW REBALANCE ALL DATABASES STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/show-rebalance-all-databases-status.md) | Shows the status of the currently executing`REBALANCE ALL DATABASES`operation. | Cluster Management | | [SHOW REBALANCE STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/show-rebalance-status.md) | Shows the status of the currently executing REBALANCE PARTITIONS, RESTORE REDUNDANCY, RESTORE, ATTACH LEAF, auto-failover or auto-attach operation on a database. | Cluster Management | | [SHOW REPLICATION STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/show-replication-status.md) | Shows the list of all connections between the replication master and secondary databases. | Operational | | [SHOW REPRODUCTION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-reproduction.md) | Collects troubleshooting data for query optimizer and code generation issues for queries that fail in the compilation phase. | Show Commands | | [SHOW RESOURCE POOLS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/resource-pool-commands/show-resource-pools.md) | Lists all resource pools and their field values. | Resource Pool | | [SHOW ROLES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-roles.md) | Shows the list of roles on acluster. | Security Management | | [SHOW ROLES FOR GROUP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-roles-for-group.md) | Show roles for a specific group. | Security Management | | [SHOW ROLES FOR USER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-roles-for-user.md) | Show roles for a specific user. | Security Management | | [SHOW SCHEMAS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-schemas.md) | Shows the list of schemas that exist on thisSingleStoreinstance. | Show Commands | | [SHOW SESSION STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-session-status.md) | ShowSingleStoreserver status information for a session. | Show Commands | | [SHOW STATUS EXTENDED](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-status-extended.md) | ShowsSingleStoreserver status information with detailedSingleStore-specific memory and performance metrics. | Show Commands | | [SHOW TABLE STATUS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-table-status.md) | Show tables status information in aSingleStoredatabase. | Show Commands | | [SHOW TABLES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-tables.md) | Shows the list of tables in the currently selected database, or in another database if db\_name is specified. | Show Commands | | [SHOW USERS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-users.md) | Show users on aSingleStorecluster. | Security Management | | [SHOW USERS FOR GROUP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-users-for-group.md) | Show users for a specific group. | Security Management | | [SHOW USERS FOR ROLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/security-management-commands/show-users-for-role.md) | Show users for a specific role. | Security Management | | [SHOW VARIABLES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-variables.md) | Shows a list of variable bindings. | Show Commands | | [SHOW WARNINGS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/show-commands/show-warnings.md) | Display warnings as a result of an invalid statement execution. | Show Commands | | [SNAPSHOT DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/snapshot-database.md) | Takes a snapshot of the given database and truncates the transaction log. | Operational | | [START PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/start-pipeline.md) | The`START PIPELINE`statement starts an existing pipeline in aSingleStoredatabase. An error will occur if the pipeline is already running. | Pipeline | | [STOP PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/stop-pipeline.md) | The`STOP PIPELINE`statement stops a currently running pipeline in aSingleStoredatabase. | Pipeline | | [STOP REPLICATING](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/stop-replicating.md) | Stops replicating a database, and promotes the secondary database to the primary database. | Operational | | [SYNC BOTTOMLESS DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/operational-commands/sync-bottomless-database.md) | Synchronizes any currently committed data in the database with the remote object storage. | Operational | | [\_SYNC\_PLANS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/code-generation-functions/sync-plans.md) | Synchronizes a node's local PPC with the DPC for a specific database. | Operational | | [TABLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/table.md) | It is a table-valued function that converts a PSQL array to a set of rows. | Data Manipulation Language | | [TEST PIPELINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/pipelines-commands/test-pipeline.md) | The`TEST PIPELINE`statement tests an existing pipeline and looks for any new files to import. | Pipeline | | [TO\_QUERY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/procedural-sql-reference/to-query.md) | Allows you to convert a[dynamic SQL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/developer-resources/procedural-extensions/dynamic-sql.md)statement to a query type value. | Procedural | | [TRIGGER GC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/cluster-management-commands/trigger-gc.md) | Triggers the garbage collector on the source aggregator and propagates to all the leaves. | Cluster Management | | [TRUNCATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/truncate.md) | Removes all rows from the table. | Data Definition Language | | [UNION](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/union.md) | Combines results from multiple[SELECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/select.md)statements. | Data Manipulation Language | | [UNLOCK TABLES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl/unlock-tables.md) | Releases all table locks on all databases in thecluster. | Data Definition Language | | [UPDATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/update.md) | `UPDATE`is a DML statement that modifies rows in a table. | Data Manipulation Language | | [USE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/data-manipulation-language-dml/use.md) | Use a database or schema. | Data Manipulation Language | | [WITH (Common Table Expressions)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/query-data/advanced-query-topics/with-common-table-expressions.md) | Specifies a temporary named result set, referred to as aCommon Table Expression (CTE) (A named temporary result set that exists within the scope of a single statement and that can be referred to later within that statement, possibly multiple times.). | Data Manipulation Language | *** Modified at: June 10, 2026 Source: [/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/sql-commands-list/](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/sql-commands-list/) (An index of the documentation is available at /llms.txt)