# SQL Functions List Here is an alphabetical list of all the SQL functions SingleStore currently supports. This list is subject to change. | Function | Function Description | Grouping | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | | [ABS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/abs.md) | Returns the positive value of a given number, regardless of sign. | Numeric | | [ACOS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/acos.md) | Returns the arc cosine of**x**in radians, or NULL if**x**is not in the range \[-1, 1]. | Numeric | | [ADDTIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/addtime.md) | Adds the given time object to a time or datetime object. | Date and Time | | [AES\_DECRYPT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/aes-decrypt.md) | Decrypts the given ciphertext using the[AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard)algorithm, with a 128-bit keyor a 256-bit key. | String | | [AES\_ENCRYPT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/aes-encrypt.md) | Encrypts the given plaintext using the[AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard)algorithm with a 128-bit keyor a 256-bit key. | String | | [AGGREGATOR\_ID](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/aggregator-id.md) | Returns the unique ID (`node_id`) for the current aggregator. | Information | | [ANY\_VALUE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/any-value.md) | An aggregate function that arbitrarily picks one value from the group. This can include a NULL value if one is present in the group. | Aggregate | | [APPROX\_COUNT\_DISTINCT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/distinct-count-estimation-functions/approx-count-distinct.md) | Aggregate function. Returns an estimate of the number of distinct values in a collection. | Distinct Count Estimation | | [APPROX\_COUNT\_DISTINCT\_ACCUMULATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/distinct-count-estimation-functions/approx-count-distinct-accumulate.md) | For a collection of values, it creates a new[HyperLogLog](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog)state and returns a value representing the new state. | Distinct Count Estimation | | [APPROX\_COUNT\_DISTINCT\_COMBINE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/distinct-count-estimation-functions/approx-count-distinct-combine.md) | Merges two or more[HyperLogLog](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog)states into a new state and returns a value of type`VARBINARY(16384)`representing the new state. | Distinct Count Estimation | | [APPROX\_COUNT\_DISTINCT\_ESTIMATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/distinct-count-estimation-functions/approx-count-distinct-estimate.md) | Returns an estimate of the number of distinct values for one or more[HyperLogLog](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperLogLog)states. | Distinct Count Estimation | | [APPROX\_GEOGRAPHY\_INTERSECTS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/approx-geography-intersects.md) | This function is the fast approximate version of`GEOGRAPHY_INTERSECTS`. It takes in two geospatial objects and determines whether any part of them overlap. | Geospatial | | [APPROX\_PERCENTILE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/approx-percentile.md) | Calculates the approximate percentile for a set of values. The calculation occurs for a given percentage. | Aggregate | | [ASCII](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/ascii.md) | Returns the ASCII value of the leftmost character of the given string. | String | | [ASIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/asin.md) | Returns the arc sine of**x**in radians, or NULL if**x**is not in the range \[-1, 1]. | Numeric | | [ATAN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/atan.md) | Returns the arc tangent of**x**. | Numeric | | [ATAN2, ATAN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/atan-2-atan.md) | Returns the arc tangent of**x**and**y**. It is similar to calculating the arc tangent of**y / x**, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the quadrant of the result. | Numeric | | [AVG](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/avg.md) | Calculate the average value from a set of numbers. | Aggregate | | [BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/comparison-operators-and-functions/between-not-between.md) | `BETWEEN`and`NOT BETWEEN`check if values are in or not in a range that includes the two endpoints (inclusive). For example: | Comparison Operators | | [BIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/bin.md) | Returns a string representation of the binary value of N, where N is a longlong (BIGINT) number. | String | | [BIN\_TO\_UUID](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/identifier-generation-functions/bin-to-uuid.md) | Converts a binary UUID value to a string UUID value. | Identifier Generation | | [BINARY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/binary.md) | Casts the input to a binary data type. | String | | [BIT\_AND](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/bit-and.md) | Performs an AND operation on each bit between expressions. | Aggregate | | [BIT\_COUNT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/bit-count.md) | Given a number, return the number of ones in its binary representation. | Numeric | | [BIT\_OR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/bit-or.md) | Performs an OR operation on each bit between expressions. | Aggregate | | [BIT\_XOR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/bit-xor.md) | Performs an XOR function on corresponding pairs of bits (i.e., the first pair of bits, the second pair of bits, etc.). | Aggregate | | [bitwise AND (&)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/bitwise-and.md) | Combines two integers to produce a third integer whose binary bits are 1 if and only if both bits in the input numbers are also 1. | Numeric | | [bitwise left shift (<<)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/bitwise-left-shift.md) | Moves all of the bits of num1 to the left by num2 places. Each place shifted is equivalent to multiplying by 2. | Numeric | | [bitwise NOT (\~)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/bitwise-not.md) | Inverts all of the bits of a given number. | Numeric | | [bitwise OR (\|)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/bitwise-or.md) | Combines two integers to produce a third integer whose binary bits are 1 if either bit in the input numbers are also 1. | Numeric | | [bitwise right shift (>>)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/bitwise-right-shift.md) | Moves all of the bits of num1 to the right by num2 places. | Numeric | | [bitwise XOR (^)](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/bitwise-xor.md) | Combines two integers to produce a third integer whose binary bits are 1 if either bit in the input numbers are different, ie a 1 in the first number and a 0 in the second, or vice versa. | Numeric | | [BM25](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/full-text-search-functions/bm-25.md) | The`BM25`function is used to employpartition-level[BM25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okapi_BM25)scoring for`VERSION 2`full-text search queries. | Full-Text Search | | [BM25\_GLOBAL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/full-text-search-functions/bm-25.md) | The`BM25_GLOBAL`function is used to employ global[BM25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okapi_BM25)scoring for`VERSION 2`full-text search queries. | Full-Text Search | | [BSON\_ARRAY\_CONTAINS\_BSON](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-array-contains-bson.md) | Returns aSingleStore`TINYINT`1 if the specified value is present in the BSON array. | BSON | | [BSON\_ARRAY\_PUSH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-array-push.md) | Adds the specified BSON value to the end of the input BSON array, and returns the array with the appended value as the result. | BSON | | [BSON\_ARRAY\_SLICE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-array-slice.md) | Slices the input array and returns a subset. | BSON | | [BSON\_BUILD\_ARRAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-build-array.md) | Creates a BSON array from the input values. | BSON | | [BSON\_BUILD\_OBJECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-build-object.md) | Creates a BSON object from the specified \ pairs. | BSON | | [BSON\_COMPARE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-compare.md) | Compares two BSON values of similar types. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_ALL\_BSON](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-all-bson.md) | Extracts and returns all the values from a BSON document or array, optionally at the specified path. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_BIGINT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-bigint.md) | Extracts the value for the specified key from the BSON data, converts it to theSingleStore`BIGINT`type, and returns the value. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_BINARY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-binary.md) | Extracts and returns the BSON binary value while ignoring the subtype, optionally at the specified path. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_BOOL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-bool.md) | Extracts the boolean value for the specified key from the BSON data, converts it to the SingleStore`TINYINT`type, and returns the value. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_BSON](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-bson.md) | Extracts and returns a BSON value from the BSON object, optionally at the specified path. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_DATETIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-datetime.md) | Extracts the value for the specified key from the BSON data, converts it to aSingleStore`DATETIME(6)`type, and returns the value. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_DOUBLE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-double.md) | Extracts the numeric value for the specified key from the BSON data, converts it to theSingleStore`DOUBLE`type, and returns the value. | BSON | | [BSON\_EXTRACT\_STRING](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-extract-string.md) | Extracts the string value for the specified key from the BSON data, converts it to aSingleStorestring type, and returns the value. | BSON | | [BSON\_GET\_TYPE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-get-type.md) | Returns a string that specifies the BSON type of the input BSON value. | BSON | | [BSON\_INCLUDE\_MASK and BSON\_EXCLUDE\_MASK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-include-mask.md) | Applies a mask to a BSON document and returns the subset of the original document. | BSON | | [BSON\_INPUT\_STREAM\_TO\_ARRAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-input-stream-to-array.md) | Converts a BSON array of documents or concatenated BSON documents to a PSQL Array. | BSON | | [BSON\_LENGTH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-length.md) | Returns the number of keys present in the BSON object or array. | BSON | | [BSON\_MATCH\_ANY and BSON\_MATCH\_ANY\_EXISTS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-match-any-and-bson-match-any-exists.md) | Checks for the existence of data within a BSON document that matches specified filter conditions. Is more succinct than extracting values and checking them using SQL filters. | BSON | | [BSON\_MERGE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-merge.md) | Merges two BSON objects.`BSON_MERGE`performs the union of keys in both objects. | BSON | | [BSON\_NORMALIZE\_\*](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-normalize.md) | This is a set of four BSON functions that normalize BSON documents. | BSON | | [BSON\_SET\_BSON](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-set-bson.md) | Sets (or overwrites) the value at the specified key in a BSON object or array and returns the BSON object or array. | BSON | | [BSON\_UNWIND](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-unwind.md) | Converts a BSON document to a PSQL array. | BSON | | [BSON\_UPDATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/bson-update.md) | Updates a BSON document. | BSON | | [CASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/case.md) | Switch statement construct. Evaluates the specified expression/condition and returns the result from the matching expression. | Conditional | | [CEIL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/ceil.md) | Rounds a number up to the next highest integer. | Numeric | | [CHAR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/char.md) | Processes each argument`N`as an integer and then returns a string consisting of the characters representing the code values of those integers. | String | | [CHARACTER\_LENGTH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/character-length.md) | Returns the Unicode character length of the given string. | String | | [CHARSET](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/charset.md) | Takes a string argument and returns the character set of that argument. | String | | [COALESCE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/coalesce.md) | Given a list of values, returns the first non-NULL value. | Conditional | | [CONCAT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/concat.md) | Concatenates all of the values in its argument list. | String | | [CONCAT\_WS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/concat-ws.md) | `CONCAT_WS`stands for concatenation with separator. | String | | [CONNECTION\_ID](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/connection-id.md) | Returns the unique connection ID of the current connection. | Information | | [CONV](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/conv.md) | Converts numbers between different number bases. | Numeric | | [CAST or CONVERT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/cast-or-convert.md) | Casts the input to the given data type. | Conditional | | [CONVERT\_TZ](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/convert-tz.md) | Converts a given datetime object from one timezone to another. | Date and Time | | [COS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/cos.md) | Computes the cosine of**x**, where**x**is given in radians. | Numeric | | [COT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/cot.md) | Returns the cotangent of**x**, where**x**is given in radians, or NULL if**x**is invalid. | Numeric | | [COUNT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/count.md) | Counts the number of rows passed in. | Aggregate | | [CRC32](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/crc-32.md) | Hashes the given string or binary data using the[CRC32C (Castagnoli CRC32) algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check). | String | | [CURRENT\_DATE And CURDATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/current-date-and-curdate.md) | Returns the current date. | Date and Time | | [CURRENT\_TIME And CURTIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/current-time-and-curtime.md) | Returns the current time of day. | Date and Time | | [CURRENT\_TIMESTAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/current-timestamp.md) | Returns the current date and time.`NOW()`return a second precision result and`NOW(6)`returns a microsecond precision result. | Date and Time | | [DATABASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/database.md) | Returns the name of the currently selected database. | Information | | [DATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/date.md) | Extracts the date part from a datetime object. | Date and Time | | [DATE\_ADD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/date-add.md) | Adds the given interval of time to a date or datetime object. | Date and Time | | [DATE\_FORMAT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/date-format.md) | Convert the input datetime object to a string according to the specified format. | Date and Time | | [DATE\_SUB](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/date-sub.md) | Subtracts the given interval of time to a date or datetime object. | Date and Time | | [DATE\_TRUNC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/date-trunc.md) | Truncates a timestamp using the specified date part. | Date and Time | | [DATEDIFF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/datediff.md) | Subtracts to find the number of days between two dates. | Date and Time | | [DAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/day.md) | Extracts the day of the month from the given datetime. | Date and Time | | [DAYNAME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/dayname.md) | Extracts the name of the day of the week from a date. | Date and Time | | [DAYOFWEEK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/dayofweek.md) | Extracts the day of the week from a date. Sunday is 1, Monday is 2, etc. | Date and Time | | [DAYOFYEAR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/dayofyear.md) | Extracts the day of the year from a date. | Date and Time | | [DECODE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/decode.md) | Searches for a code in a code-value list and returns the corresponding value. | Conditional | | [DEGREES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/degrees.md) | Converts**x**from radians to degrees. | Numeric | | [DENSE\_RANK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/dense-rank.md) | Returns the rank of the current row within the partition as specified by the order by clause. | Window | | [DOT\_PRODUCT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/dot-product.md) | The`DOT_PRODUCT`function returns the scalar product, or dot product, of two vectors.`DOT_PRODUCT`takes as input two vectors and returns a numeric value. | Vector | | [ELT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/elt.md) | Returns the Nth value in its list of arguments. | Conditional | | [ESTIMATED\_QUERY\_LEAF\_MEMORY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/estimated-query-leaf-memory.md) | Returns an estimate of the amount of memory, in megabytes, required to run a query. | Information | | [ESTIMATED\_QUERY\_RUNTIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/estimated-query-runtime.md) | Returns an estimate of the elapsed time, in seconds, required to run a query. | Information | | [EUCLIDEAN\_DISTANCE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/euclidean-distance.md) | The`EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE`function returns the euclidean distance between two vector values.`EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE`takes as input two vectors and returns a numeric value. | Vector | | [EXP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/exp.md) | Returns the result of e raised to the power of the argument specified. | Numeric | | [EXTRACT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/extract.md) | Extracts specified components from a given datetime. | Date and Time | | [FIELD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/field.md) | Returns the first index of the`str`argument in the`str1`,`str2`, … list, or 0 if it doesn’t exist. | String | | [FIRST](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/time-series-functions/first.md) | A function that returns the first value of a set of input values, defined as the value associated with the minimum time. | Time Series | | [FIRST\_VALUE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/first-value.md) | Returns an expression evaluated at the first row of the window frame. | Window | | [FLOOR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/floor.md) | Rounds a number down to the next lowest integer. | Numeric | | [FORMAT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/format.md) | Rounds and formats a number with thousands separators and a fixed-length decimal part. | String | | [FOUND\_ROWS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/found-rows.md) | Returns the number of rows when using commands that return a resultset, such as`SELECT`,`DESC`, and`SHOW`. | Information | | [FROM\_BASE64](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/from-base-64.md) | Takes a base-64 encoded string and returns the decoded result as a binary string. | String | | [FROM\_DAYS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/from-days.md) | Returns the date object corresponding to the input day number. | Date and Time | | [FROM\_UNIXTIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/from-unixtime.md) | Given an integer Unix timestamp, return the corresponding datetime. | Date and Time | | [GEOGRAPHY\_AREA](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-area.md) | This function measures the square meter area of a given polygon. | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_CONTAINS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-contains.md) | This function takes in two geospatial objects and determines whether the first one completely covers the area of the second. | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_DISTANCE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-distance.md) | This function takes in two geospatial objects and measures the shortest distance between them, in meters, using the standard metric for[distance on a sphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great-circle_distance). | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_INTERSECTS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-intersects.md) | This function takes in two geospatial objects and determines whether any part of them overlap. | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_LATITUDE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-latitude.md) | This function extracts the latitude portion of a`GeographyPoint`. | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_LENGTH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-length.md) | This function measures the length of a path or the total perimeter of a polygon, in meters. | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_LONGITUDE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-longitude.md) | This function extracts the longitude portion of a`GeographyPoint`. | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_POINT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-point.md) | This function takes two floats or doubles and returns a`GeographyPoint`type. | Geospatial | | [GEOGRAPHY\_WITHIN\_DISTANCE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/geography-within-distance.md) | This function takes in two geospatial objects and determines whether any part of them is within the given distance, in meters. | Geospatial | | [GET\_FORMAT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/get-format.md) | Return a format string for the specified datetime type and standard. | Date and Time | | [GREATEST](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/greatest.md) | Returns the highest value observed in its arguments. | Conditional | | [GROUP\_CONCAT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/group-concat.md) | Concatenates all of the values passed in during aggregation. | Aggregate | | [HEX](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/hex.md) | Returns the hexadecimal representation of numeric, string, or binary data. | String | | [HIGHLIGHT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/full-text-search-functions/highlight.md) | Returns the fragment of text near the matching words from a full-text query. | Full-Text Search | | [HOUR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/hour.md) | Extracts the hour of the day from the given datetime, zero-indexed. | Date and Time | | [IF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/if.md) | If the first argument is true, returns second argument. If the first argument is false or NULL, returns third argument. | Conditional | | [IN(), NOT IN()](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/comparison-operators-and-functions/in-not-in.md) | The`IN()`and`NOT IN()`functions filter the results after checking if the values are in or not in the list of parameters specified. | Comparison Operators | | [INET\_ATON](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/inet-aton.md) | Converts an IPv4 address to a 32-bit integer. | String | | [INET\_NTOA](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/inet-ntoa.md) | Converts a 32-bit integer to an IPv4 address. | String | | [INET6\_ATON](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/inet-6-aton.md) | Converts an IPv6 or IPv4 internet address from its text representation to its binary representation. | String | | [INET6\_NTOA](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/inet-6-ntoa.md) | Converts an IPv6 or IPv4 internet address from its binary representation to its text representation. | String | | [INITCAP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/initcap.md) | Converts the first letter of each word in a string to upper case. | String | | [INSTR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/instr.md) | Returns the first position of the given search string. | String | | [IS\_BSON\_NULL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/bson-functions/is-bson-null.md) | Returns a`TINYINT`1 for nullable BSON input values, and returns a`TINYINT`0 for other values. | BSON | | [IS\_UUID](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/identifier-generation-functions/is-uuid.md) | Validates a UUID value. | Identifier Generation | | [ISNULL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/isnull.md) | Returns true if the value is NULL. | Conditional | | [ISNUMERIC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/isnumeric.md) | Determines whether the provided expression is a valid numeric type. | Conditional | | [JSON\_AGG](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-agg.md) | `JSON_AGG`combines values and returns the combined data as a single JSON row. | JSON | | [JSON\_ARRAY\_CONTAINS\_\](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-array-contains-type.md) | This is a set of three JSON functions, which return true if the given value is contained in the JSON array. | JSON | | [JSON\_ARRAY\_PACK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/json-array-pack.md) | Converts a JSON array of zero or more floating point numbers to an encoded blob. | Vector | | [JSON\_ARRAY\_PUSH\_\](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-array-push-type.md) | This is a set of three JSON functions, which add the given element to the end of a JSON array. | JSON | | [JSON\_ARRAY\_UNPACK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/json-array-unpack.md) | Converts an encoded blob representing a vector to a JSON array representing the same vector. | Vector | | [JSON\_BUILD\_ARRAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-build-array.md) | Evaluates a (possibly empty) list of values and returns a JSON array containing those values. | JSON | | [JSON\_BUILD\_OBJECT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-build-object.md) | Converts a comma-separated argument list to a JSON object. | JSON | | [JSON\_DELETE\_KEY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-delete-key.md) | Removes a key/value pair from a JSON map or array. | JSON | | [JSON\_EXTRACT\_\](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-extract-type.md) | Extracts data from a JSON object or array based on a path specification. Will return NULL if the path is not matched or if any of the arguments are NULL. | JSON | | [JSON\_GET\_TYPE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-get-type.md) | Returns the Javascript type of the given JSON object. | JSON | | [JSON\_KEYS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-keys.md) | Returns the top-level keys of a JSON object in the form of a JSON array. | JSON | | [JSON\_LENGTH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-length.md) | Computes the length of a JSON map or array. | JSON | | [JSON\_MATCH\_ANY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-match-any.md) | Checks for the existence of values within JSON data that match specified filters. It is more succinct than extracting values and checking them using SQL filters. | JSON | | [JSON\_MERGE\_PATCH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-merge-patch.md) | A built-in function that takes two JSON objects and merges them into a single JSON object. | JSON | | [JSON\_PRETTY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-pretty.md) | Also referred as "pretty printing", this function outputs the given JSON object or JSON array in an indented and legible format. | JSON | | [JSON\_SET\_\](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-set-type.md) | There is a group of three JSON functions, which sets the value of a given key in a JSON map or array. | JSON | | [JSON\_SPLICE\_\](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-splice-type.md) | This is a set of three JSON functions, which deletes the given element indexes from an array, and optionally splices the new values in. | JSON | | [JSON\_TO\_ARRAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/json-to-array.md) | Converts a JSON array to aSingleStorearray. | JSON | | [LAG](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/lag.md) | Returns an expression evaluated at some offset before the current row. | Window | | [LAST](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/time-series-functions/last.md) | A function that returns the last value of a set of input values, defined as the value associated with the maximum time. | Time Series | | [LAST\_DAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/last-day.md) | Finds the month of the input date, and then returns a date object containing the last day of that month. | Date and Time | | [LAST\_INSERT\_ID](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/last-insert-id.md) | Returns the last value inserted into an AUTO\_INCREMENT column. | Information | | [LAST\_VALUE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/last-value.md) | Returns an expression evaluated at the last row of the window frame. | Window | | [LCASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/lcase.md) | Converts the given string to lower case. | String | | [LEAD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/lead.md) | Returns an expression evaluated at some offset after the current row. | Window | | [LEAST](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/least.md) | Returns the lowest value observed in its arguments. | Conditional | | [LEFT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/left.md) | Extracts the specified number of characters from the left end of a string | String | | [LENGTH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/length.md) | Returns the byte length of a given string, array, or binary object. | String | | [LIKE, NOT LIKE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/comparison-operators-and-functions/like-not-like.md) | The`LIKE`and`NOT LIKE`operators are useful for matching patterns containing simple wildcards. | Comparison Operators | | [LN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/ln.md) | Returns the logarithm of the given argument to base e. | Numeric | | [LOCALTIMESTAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/localtimestamp.md) | Returns the current time, in the local time zone. | Date and Time | | [LOCATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/locate.md) | Returns the first position of the given search string. | String | | [LOG](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/log.md) | Returns the logarithm of the given argument in the given base. | Numeric | | [LOG10](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/log-10.md) | Returns the logarithm of the given argument to base 10. | Numeric | | [LOG2](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/log-2.md) | Returns the logarithm of the given argument to base 2. | Numeric | | [LPAD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/lpad.md) | Pads the beginning of a string up to the specified character length. | String | | [LTRIM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/ltrim.md) | Removes leading space characters from the given string. | String | | [MATCH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/full-text-search-functions/match.md) | For columnstore tables created with a[FULLTEXT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/developer-resources/functional-extensions/working-with-full-text-search.md)index, the text columns in that table can be searched by using the`MATCH AGAINST`syntax. | Full-Text Search | | [MAX](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/max.md) | Returns the highest value observed in all rows in an aggregation. | Aggregate | | [MD5](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/md-5.md) | Hashes the given string or binary data using the[message digest algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5), version 5. | String | | [MEDIAN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/median.md) | It is an aggregate function that returns the median of an expression (middle value in a sorted data set), which separates the higher half in a distribution from the lower half. | Aggregate | | [MICROSECOND](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/microsecond.md) | Extracts the microseconds (fractional seconds part) from the given datetime. | Date and Time | | [MIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/min.md) | Returns the lowest value observed in all rows in an aggregation. | Aggregate | | [MINUTE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/minute.md) | Extracts the minutes of the hour from the given datetime. | Date and Time | | [MOD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/mod.md) | `Mod`stands for Modulo. Calculates the remainder of a number divided by another number. | Aggregate | | [MONTH](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/month.md) | Extracts the month from the given datetime. | Date and Time | | [MONTHNAME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/monthname.md) | Extracts the name of the month from the given datetime. | Date and Time | | [MONTHS\_BETWEEN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/months-between.md) | Subtracts to find the number of months between two dates. | Date and Time | | [NOPARAM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/code-generation-functions/noparam.md) | Disables the parameterization of constants in a query before a query plan is compiled. | Code Generation | | [NOW](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/now.md) | Returns the current date and time in the configured time zone. | Date and Time | | [NTH\_VALUE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/nth-value.md) | Returns an expression evaluated at the nth row of the window frame. | Window | | [NTILE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/ntile.md) | Divides the input into the specified number of buckets and returns the bucket number of the current row. | Window | | [NULLIF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/nullif.md) | Returns NULL if the arguments are equal, otherwise the first argument. | Conditional | | [NVL and IFNULL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/nvl-and-ifnull.md) | Checks if an expression evaluates to`NULL`, and if so, evaluates a replacement expression and returns its value. | Conditional | | [PERCENT\_RANK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/percent-rank.md) | Returns the percent rank of the current row within the partition as specified by the order by clause. | Window | | [PERCENTILE\_CONT and MEDIAN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/percentile-cont-and-median.md) | InSingleStore, percentile functions are available as window functions and aggregate functions. | Window | | [PERCENTILE\_DISC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/percentile-disc.md) | InSingleStore, percentile functions are available as window functions and aggregate functions. | Window | | [PI](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/pi.md) | Returns the value of pi to 7 decimal places. | Numeric | | [POW](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/pow.md) | Returns the given number exponentiated to the given power. | Numeric | | [QUARTER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/quarter.md) | Extracts the quarter of the year from the given datetime, starting with 1. | Date and Time | | [QUOTE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/quote.md) | Returns a string enclosed in single quotes. | String | | [RADIANS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/radians.md) | Converts**x**from degrees to radians. | Numeric | | [RAND](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/rand.md) | Returns a random float or double between 0 and 1.0. | Numeric | | [RANK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/rank.md) | Returns the rank of the current row within the partition as specified by the order by clause. | Window | | [REDUCE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/reduce.md) | `REDUCE()`is a scalar function that applies an expression to each element of an array and returns a single value as the result. It allows you to aggregate multiple values in an array into a single value. | JSON | | [REGEXP\_INSTR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions/regexp-instr.md) | Searches a string for a[regular expression pattern](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions.md)and returns an integer indicating the beginning position or ending position of the matched substring. | Regular Expression | | [REGEXP\_MATCH()](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions/regexp-match.md) | The`REGEXP_MATCH()`function returns a JSON array of matching substring(s) within the first match of a regular expression pattern to a string. | Regular Expression | | [REGEXP\_REPLACE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions/regexp-replace.md) | Searches a string for the first occurrence of a[regular expression pattern](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions.md)and replaces that occurrence with a replacement string. | Regular Expression | | [REGEXP\_SUBSTR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions/regexp-substr.md) | Searches a string for a[regular expression pattern](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions.md)and returns the matching substring. | Regular Expression | | [REPLACE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/replace.md) | Replaces all occurrences of a substring by another string. | String | | [REVERSE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/reverse.md) | Reverses the character order of a string or returns a`NULL`if the parameter is`NULL`. | String | | [RIGHT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/right.md) | Extracts the specified number of characters from the right end of a string | String | | [RLIKE and REGEXP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/regular-expression-functions/rlike-and-regexp.md) | `RLIKE`and`REGEXP`are synonyms.`RLIKE`is discussed below. The discussion also applies to`REGEXP`, as both functions work identically. | Regular Expression | | [ROUND](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/round.md) | Rounds a number to the given precision. | Numeric | | [ROW\_COUNT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/row-count.md) | Returns the number of rows inserted, updated, or deleted by the preceding statement. | Information | | [ROW\_NUMBER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/window-functions/row-number.md) | Returns the number of the current row within its partition. | Window | | [RPAD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/rpad.md) | Pads the end of a string up to the specified character length. | String | | [RTRIM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/rtrim.md) | Removes trailing space characters from the given string. | String | | [SCALAR\_VECTOR\_MUL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/scalar-vector-mul.md) | The`SCALAR_VECTOR_MUL`function multiples each element in a vector with a scalar value. The function returns a vector. | Vector | | [SEC\_TO\_TIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/sec-to-time.md) | Return a time object corresponding to the input second count. | Date and Time | | [SECOND](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/second.md) | Extracts the seconds of the minute from the given datetime. | Date and Time | | [SECRET](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/secret.md) | Provides the ability to hide credentials from queries. | String | | [SET](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/user-defined-variables/set.md) | Sets a value for a user-defined variable for use in SQL statements. This is analogous to the`SELECT ... INTO`user defined variables discussed here:[SELECT ... INTO User Defined Variable](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/user-defined-variables/select-into-user-defined-variable.md). | User-Defined Variables | | [SHA1](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/sha-1.md) | Hashes the given string or binary data using the so-called[secure hash algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA1), version 1. SHA1 has been deprecated as a means of securely signing data. | String | | [SHA2](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/sha-2.md) | Hashes the given string or binary data using the[secure hash algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA1), version 2. As of this writing (early 2015), SHA2 is considered secure for generating collision-resistant hashes. | String | | [SIGMOID](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/sigmoid.md) | Returns the sigmoid function of**x**. | Numeric | | [SIGN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/sign.md) | This function returns 1 if the argument is positive, -1 if it is negative, and 0 if it is 0. | Numeric | | [SIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/sin.md) | Computes the sine of**x**, where**x**is given in radians. | Numeric | | [SLEEP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/conditional-functions/sleep.md) | Halts execution of the thread for the given number of seconds. | Conditional | | [SPLIT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/split.md) | Splits a string by the specified separator into an array of substrings and then returns the array. | String | | [SQRT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/sqrt.md) | Returns the square root of a given number, accurate to within the representation of doubles. | Numeric | | [STD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/std.md) | Calculates the population standard deviation value from a set of numbers. | Aggregate | | [STDDEV](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/stddev.md) | Returns the standard deviation of all the values in a specified expression. | Aggregate | | [STDDEV\_POP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/stddev-pop.md) | Returns the population standard deviation for non-NULL values. | Aggregate | | [STDDEV\_SAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/stddev-samp.md) | Calculates the sample standard deviation value from a set of numbers. | Aggregate | | [STR\_TO\_DATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/str-to-date.md) | Extract datetime value from input string according to a specified format. | Date and Time | | [strcmp()](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/comparison-operators-and-functions/strcmp.md) | The`strcmp(v1, v2)`function takes two string values. It returns 0 if they are equal, -1 if v1 is less than v2, and 1 if v2 is greater than v1. | Comparison Operators | | [STRING\_BYTES](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/string-bytes.md) | Converts a string to aSingleStoreProcedural SQL (PSQL) array of integers (TINYINT UNSIGNED) where each array element is the integer byte value of a character, or a byte within a multiple byte character, in the input string. | String | | [SUBSTRING](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/substring.md) | Extracts a range of characters from a string. | String | | [SUBSTRING\_INDEX](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/substring-index.md) | Extracts the portion of a string up to the given number of occurrences of a delimiter. | String | | [SUM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/sum.md) | Calculate the sum of a set of numbers. | Aggregate | | [SYS\_GUID and UUID](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/identifier-generation-functions/sys-guid-and-uuid.md) | Generates and returns a new globally unique identifier (GUID) each time it is called. | Identifier Generation | | [TAN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/tan.md) | Returns the tangent of**x**, where**x**is given in radians. | Numeric | | [TIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/time.md) | Extracts the time part from a datetime object. | Date and Time | | [TIME\_BUCKET](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/time-series-functions/time-bucket.md) | A function that normalizes time to the nearest bucket start time. | Time Series | | [TIME\_FORMAT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/time-format.md) | Convert the input time object to a string according to the specified format. | Date and Time | | [TIME\_TO\_SEC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/time-to-sec.md) | Returns the number of seconds from midnight. | Date and Time | | [TIMEDIFF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/timediff.md) | Subtracts to find the amount of time between two datetimes or times. | Date and Time | | [TIMESTAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/timestamp.md) | Convert the input argument to a datetime object. | Date and Time | | [TIMESTAMPADD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/timestampadd.md) | Adds the given interval of time to a date or datetime object | Date and Time | | [TIMESTAMPDIFF](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/timestampdiff.md) | Find between two date or datetime objects the time difference in the specified unit. | Date and Time | | [TO\_BASE64](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/to-base-64.md) | Returns the argument**str**converted to base-64 encoding. | String | | [TO\_CHAR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/to-char.md) | Converts a`DATE`,`DATETIME`,`DATETIME(6)`,`TIME`,`TIMESTAMP`or`TIMESTAMP(6)`value to a string. | Date and Time | | [TO\_DATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/to-date.md) | Converts a string to a`DATE`or`DATETIME`value. | Date and Time | | [TO\_DAYS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/to-days.md) | Returns the day number of the input date object. | Date and Time | | [TO\_JSON](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/json-functions/to-json.md) | Converts a table column, an entire table, a scalar value, a single row, or a PSQL array or record to a JSON value. | JSON | | [TO\_NUMBER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/to-number.md) | Converts a`CHAR`or`VARCHAR`type value to a`DECIMAL`value. | Numeric | | [TO\_SECONDS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/to-seconds.md) | Returns the number of seconds counting from year 0 to the input datetime. | Date and Time | | [TO\_TIMESTAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/to-timestamp.md) | Converts a string to a`TIMESTAMP(6)`value. | Date and Time | | [TRIM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/trim.md) | Removes padding from the ends of the given string. | String | | [TRUNC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/trunc.md)- Date function | Truncates a date using the specified format. | Date and Time | | [TRUNC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/trunc.md)- Numeric function | Returns the number**x**truncated to**d**decimal places. This is similar to the[TRUNCATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/truncate.md)function except that the precision (d) is not required. | Numeric | | [TRUNCATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/truncate.md) | Returns the number**x**truncated to**d**decimal places. This is similar to the[TRUNC](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/numeric-functions/trunc.md)function, except that the precision (d) is required. | Numeric | | [UCASE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/ucase.md) | Converts the given string to uppercase. | String | | [UNHEX](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/string-functions/unhex.md) | Converts a hexadecimal representation to the binary equivalent. | String | | [UNIX\_TIMESTAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/unix-timestamp.md) | Returns the current Unix time as an integer, or converts the given date into unixtime. | Date and Time | | [USER](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/information-functions/user.md) | Returns the name of the current user. | Information | | [UTC\_DATE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/utc-date.md) | Returns the current date, in the UTC time zone. | Date and Time | | [UTC\_TIME](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/utc-time.md) | Returns the current time, in the UTC time zone. | Date and Time | | [UTC\_TIMESTAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/utc-timestamp.md) | Returns the current time, in the UTC time zone. | Date and Time | | [UUID\_TO\_BIN](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/identifier-generation-functions/uuid-to-bin.md) | Converts a string UUID value to a binary UUID value. | Identifier Generation | | [VARIANCE](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/variance.md) | Calculates the population variance value from a set of numbers. | Aggregate | | [VAR\_SAMP](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/aggregate-functions/var-samp.md) | Calculates the sample variance value from a set of numbers. | Aggregate | | [VECTOR\_ADD](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-add.md) | The`VECTOR_ADD`function adds the two vector arguments and returns a vector which is the result of that addition. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_ELEMENTS\_SUM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-elements-sum.md) | The`VECTOR_ELEMENTS_SUM`function sums all elements of a vector. It returns a single value – the sum of the elements. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_KTH\_ELEMENT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-kth-element.md) | `VECTOR_KTH_ELEMENT`is a function that returns the k-th element in a vector expression. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_MUL](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-mul.md) | The`VECTOR_MUL`function multiples two vectors element by element and returns a vector which is the result of that multiplication. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_NUM\_ELEMENTS](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-num-elements.md) | The`VECTOR_NUM_ELEMENTS`function returns the number of elements in the vector. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_SORT](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-sort.md) | The`VECTOR_SORT`function sorts the elements in the vector expression and returns the sorted vector. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_SUB](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-sub.md) | The`VECTOR_SUB`function subtracts the second vector from the first vector and returns a vector which is the result of that subtraction. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_SUBVECTOR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-subvector.md) | Derives a vector expression from another vector expression. | Vector | | [VECTOR\_SUM](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/vector-functions/vector-sum.md) | Adds all vectors in a column and returns a vector which is the sum of those vectors. | Vector | | [WEEK](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/week.md) | There are eight ways to number weeks, described below. | Date and Time | | [WEEKDAY](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/weekday.md) | Extracts the day of the week from a date. Monday is 0, Tuesday is 1, etc. | Date and Time | | [YEAR](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions/year.md) | Extracts the year from the given datetime. | Date and Time | *** Modified at: June 10, 2026 Source: [/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/sql-functions-list/](https://docs.singlestore.com/db/v9.1/reference/sql-reference/sql-functions-list/) (An index of the documentation is available at /llms.txt)