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  • Introduction
    • SingleStore Documentation
    • How SingleStore DB Works
      • Data Ingestion
      • Highly Compatible
      • Durable and Redundant
      • Deploy anywhere
      • Analyzing Data
      • High-Performance for OLTP and OLAP Workloads
    • Distributed Architecture
      • Design Principles
      • Cluster Components
        • Interaction of Cluster Components
          • Flexible Parallelism
            • Sharding
              • Distributed DML Query Execution
                • Distributed Joins
                  • Write Queries
                    • Distributed SQL Surface Area
                    • High Availability
                  • Unsupported MySQL Features
                    • Unsupported Feature List
                    • Behavior Differences
                  • SingleStore DB Editions
                    • FAQs
                      • General
                        • What are license units and how do they apply to my cluster?
                        • What is the relationship between SingleStore DB and MySQL?
                        • Why do I see the MemSQL version as 5.5.8, even though that’s not the version of MemSQL I installed?
                        • Is SingleStore DB vulnerable to MySQL server security issues?
                        • Is SingleStore DB a row-based or column-based store?
                        • How does SingleStore DB’s in-memory lock-free storage engine work?
                        • What is the advantage of SingleStore DB over traditional databases like Oracle, SQL Server or MySQL with data in a “ramdisk” or large buffer pools?
                        • What is the advantage of SingleStore DB over other distributed databases?
                        • What is SingleStore not for?
                      • Clustering
                        • How does SingleStore DB shard tables?
                        • What are aggregator and leaf nodes?
                        • What is a “Master Aggregator”?
                        • What happens if the master aggregator crashes?
                        • How do I add nodes to SingleStore DB?
                        • How many aggregator and leaf nodes do I need?
                        • Can I query the leaf nodes individually?
                        • After I ran a single host install, why are there 2 SingleStore DB nodes (or 4 SingleStore DB processes) running?
                      • Query Compilation
                        • Why does CREATE TABLE take so long in SingleStore DB?
                        • Why do SingleStore DB queries typically run faster the second time they are executed?
                        • How much can you change a query before it needs to be recompiled?
                      • Query Execution
                        • Can I JOIN multiple sharded tables in a query?
                        • Can I optimize a distributed join involving a small, static table?
                        • Why do I get errors about UNIQUE KEYs?
                      • Durability
                        • What is the durability guaranteed by SingleStore DB?
                        • Can I configure SingleStore DB to be fully durable?
                        • What isolation levels does SingleStore DB provide?
                      • Deployment and Management
                        • How can I get a copy of SingleStore DB?
                        • Does SingleStore DB run in the cloud?
                        • Does SingleStore DB run on Windows?
                        • What hardware is recommended for SingleStore DB?
                        • On which Linux distribution does SingleStore DB run best?
                        • How much disk space should I allocate for SingleStore DB?
                        • What happens if I run out of memory?
                        • What happens if I run out of disk space?
                      • SingleStore Tools
                        • What are SingleStore Tools?
                        • How do I switch over from MemSQL Ops to SingleStore Tools?
                        • Can I still use MemSQL Ops?
                        • When do I have to switch to Tools?
                      • Import and Backup
                        • How can I backup a SingleStore DB database?
                        • How can I import data from MySQL, Postgres, MS-SQL etc?
                        • How can I easily copy a table?
                        • How can I easily copy a database?
                        • Where are the important data files (recovery log, binary logs, snapshots, data files etc)?
                      • SingleStore DB and Spark
                        • How are SingleStore DB and Apache Spark related?
                        • What are the differences between SingleStore DB and Spark SQL?
                        • SQL Push Down
                      • Miscellaneous
                        • Does SingleStore DB support compression?
                        • Does SingleStore DB perform random IO?
                        • What are the index types SingleStore DB supports?
                  • Deploy
                    • Linux
                      • Kubernetes
                        • Introduction
                        • Prerequisites
                          • Kubernetes concepts
                          • kubectl
                          • Host requirements
                          • Host recommendations
                          • Docker Container Repository (Optional)
                        • Download the MemSQL Operator
                        • Create the Object Definition Files
                          • deployment.yaml
                          • rbac.yaml
                          • memsql-cluster-crd.yaml
                          • memsql-cluster.yaml
                        • Deploy a SingleStore DB Cluster
                          • Connect to Your Cluster
                          • Scaling and managing your cluster
                          • Deleting your cluster
                        • Next Steps
                      • Cluster in a Box
                        • Introduction
                          • Before You Begin
                        • Run the Container
                          • Start the Container
                        • Connect to your Cluster
                          • SingleStore DB Studio
                          • SingleStore client application
                          • Third-party client application
                          • Run Sample Queries
                        • Manage the Container
                          • Upgrade the SingleStore DB Docker Image
                          • Stop, Restart, or Remove the Image
                          • Access the Built-in SingleStore Tools
                        • Next Steps
                    • Connect to Your Cluster
                      • Client and Driver Downloads
                        • Connect with the SingleStore Client
                        • Connect to SingleStore using TLS/SSL
                        • Connect with DBeaver
                        • Connect with JetBrains DataGrip
                        • Connect with MySQL
                          • Connect with MySQL Client
                            • MySQL Command-Line Considerations
                            • Unsupported MySQL Features
                          • Connect with Any MySQL Compatible Tool to SingleStore
                            • MariaDB Command-line Client from MariaDB Server Version 10.3.12 (GPLv2)
                            • Connect with MySQL Workbench
                          • Connect with SQL Developer
                          • Connect with the SQL Editor
                          • Connect with Sequel Pro
                          • Connect with SQL Workbench
                          • Connect with HTTP API
                          • Connect to Your Cluster - Related Topics
                        • Create Your Database
                          • Create a Database
                          • Physical Database Schema Design
                            • Concepts of Physical Database Schema Design
                              • Choosing a Table Storage Type
                              • Rowstore
                              • Columnstore
                              • Understanding Keys and Indexes in SingleStore
                              • Understanding Shard Key Selection
                              • Understanding Clustered Columnstore Key Selection
                              • Understanding How Datatype Can Affect Performance
                              • Other Schema Concepts
                            • Procedures for Physical Database Schema Design
                              • Creating a Columnstore Table
                              • Detecting and Resolving Data Skew
                              • Optimizing Table Data Structures
                              • Specifying Unenforced Unique Constraints
                              • Using JSON
                              • Using Persistent Computed Columns
                            • Configuring the Columnstore to Work Effectively
                          • Integrate with SingleStore
                            • Load Data
                              • Load Data from a Data Source
                                • Load Data from Amazon Web Services (AWS)
                                  • Load Data from AWS Glue
                                  • Load Data from Amazon S3 using a Pipeline
                                • Load Data from Microsoft Azure
                                  • Load Data from Azure Blobs using a Pipeline
                                  • Load Data from Azure Data Factory (ADF)
                                  • Load Data from Azure Event Hubs
                                • Load Data from Data Virtuality Pipes
                                • Load Data from the Filesystem using a Pipeline
                                  • Filesystem Pipeline Quickstart
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Creating a SingleStore DB Database and Filesystem Pipeline
                                • Load Data from Google Cloud Storage (GCS) using a Pipeline
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Part 1: Creating a GCS Bucket and Adding a File
                                  • Part 2: Creating a SingleStore Database and GCS Pipeline
                                  • Next Steps
                                • Load Data from HDFS using a Pipeline
                                  • Creating and Starting an HDFS Pipeline
                                  • HDFS Pipeline Scenario
                                  • Enabling Wire Encryption and Kerberos on HDFS Pipelines
                                • Load Data from HVR
                                • Load Data from Informatica
                                  • Load Data from Informatica Cloud
                                • Load Data from Kafka
                                  • Securely Connect to Kafka from SingleStore
                                  • Load Data from the Confluent Kafka Connector
                                  • Load Data from Kafka Using a Pipeline
                                  • Test your Kafka Cluster using kcat (formerly kafkacat)
                                • Load Data from MySQL
                                • Load Data from Qlik Replicate
                                  • Using Qlik Replicate
                                • Load Data from Spark
                                  • Getting Started
                                  • Installation
                                  • Configuration Settings
                                  • Examples
                                  • Supported Operations
                                  • SQL Pushdown
                                  • Parallel Read Support
                                  • Load Balancing Requests
                                  • Data Type Conversions
                                  • Security and Permissions
                                  • Debugging
                                  • Migrate between SingleStore Spark Connector Versions
                                • Load Data from StreamSets
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Connecting StreamSets to SingleStore DB via Fast Loader
                                  • SingleStore DB Fast Loader vs the JDBC Connector
                                  • Error and Logs
                                  • Frequently Asked Questions
                                • Load Data from Talend Open Studio
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Creating and Designing a Talend Job
                                  • Adding Components to the Job
                                  • Configuring Components and Running the Job
                                  • SingleStore DB Job Components - Details and Properties
                                • Connect with Collibra Data Governance
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Connecting Collibra DGC to SingleStore DB
                                • SingleStore Replicate
                                  • Transform Data with dbt
                                  • Load a Type of Data
                                    • Loading Geospatial Data into SingleStore
                                    • Example: Loading TPC-H Data into SingleStore DB
                                      • What is TPC-H?
                                      • Before You Begin
                                      • Create the Database
                                      • Load Data with Pipelines
                                      • Verify Pipeline Success
                                      • Run Queries on Data
                                  • About Loading Data with Pipelines
                                    • Pipeline Concepts
                                      • Overview of Pipelines
                                      • Pipeline Data Sources and Formats
                                      • The Lifecycle of a Pipeline
                                      • Parallelized Data Extraction with Pipelines
                                      • Data Shaping with Pipelines
                                      • Avro Schema Evolution with Pipelines
                                    • Pipeline Procedures
                                      • Detect and Address Slow Performance and High Memory Usage of Pipelines
                                      • View and Handle Pipeline Errors
                                      • Writing a Transform to Use With a Pipeline
                                      • Writing Efficient Stored Procedures for Pipelines
                                  • Load Data - Related Topics
                                • Query Data
                                  • Connect with Analytics and BI Tools
                                    • Introduction
                                    • Connect with Dremio
                                      • Prerequisites
                                      • Configuring JARS and running Dremio
                                      • Connecting Dremio to SingleStore
                                      • Data Reflection and Query Acceleration
                                      • Best practices guide
                                    • Connect with Looker
                                      • Prerequisites
                                      • Connecting Looker to SingleStore DB
                                    • Connect with MicroStrategy
                                      • Connect with MicroStrategy
                                    • Connect with Power BI
                                      • Prerequisites
                                      • Data Connectivity Modes
                                      • Connect Power BI Desktop to SingleStore
                                      • Connect Power BI Service to SingleStore via Power BI Gateway
                                    • Connect with Sisense
                                      • Prerequisites
                                      • Connecting Sisense to SingleStore DB using ElastiCube Model
                                      • Connecting Sisense to SingleStore DB using Live Model
                                    • Connect with Tableau
                                      • Connect with Tableau
                                      • Connect with Tableau Prep
                                    • Connect with Tibco Spotfire
                                      • Prerequisites
                                      • Connect Tibco Spotfire to SingleStore
                                  • Query Concepts
                                    • Code Generation
                                      • Row Locking
                                      • Query Procedures
                                        • Basic Query Examples
                                        • Example: Building a Sample Stock Trade Database
                                          • Step 1: Create the database
                                          • Step 2: Load company profile data
                                          • Step 3: Create data generator functionality
                                          • Step 4: Generate trade data
                                          • Step 5: Run analytic queries
                                          • Query 1
                                          • Query 2
                                          • Query 3
                                          • Query 4
                                        • Performing Upserts
                                          • Read Query Results in Parallel
                                          • Run UPDATEs and DELETEs as Distributed Transactions
                                            • Query Performance Tools
                                              • Query Tuning
                                                • Testing Your Queries and Performance
                                                  • Troubleshooting Poorly Performing Queries
                                                  • Statistics and Sampling
                                                    • Statistics and Sampling Concepts
                                                      • Statistics and Sampling Tasks
                                                    • Manage Data
                                                      • Local and Unlimited Database Storage Concepts
                                                        • Benefits of Unlimited Storage
                                                        • Combining Unlimited and Local Storage Databases
                                                          • Unlimited Data Storage
                                                            • Attach an Unlimited Storage Database Using Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)
                                                              • Configure the Retention Period for an Unlimited Storage Database
                                                              • Offline Copy of an Unlimited Storage Database
                                                                • Online Copy of an Unlimited Storage Database
                                                                • Migrate a Local Storage Database to an Unlimited Storage Database
                                                                • Backing Up and Restoring Data
                                                                  • Back Up and Restore Data
                                                                  • Backup Information Schema Tables
                                                                  • Using Storage Repositories
                                                                    • Items Included in and Excluded from a Backup
                                                                    • Types of Backups
                                                                      • Full Backups
                                                                      • Incremental Backups on Columnstores
                                                                      • Clearing Backup History
                                                                      • Backup and Restore on Specific Systems
                                                                      • Verifying Full Backup Files
                                                                    • Lock-free Backups
                                                                      • Backups versus Snapshots
                                                                    • Exporting Data
                                                                      • Exporting a Single Database
                                                                      • Exporting All Databases
                                                                  • Developer Resources
                                                                    • Migrate Existing Applications
                                                                      • How to connect to SingleStore DB
                                                                      • Loading data into SingleStore DB
                                                                      • Porting Tables to SingleStore DB
                                                                        • Shard keys
                                                                        • Choosing a Shard Key
                                                                      • Transition from MySQL to SingleStore DB
                                                                        • Migrating Data with mysqldump
                                                                        • Transitioning Your Application
                                                                    • Connect with Application Development Tools
                                                                      • Connect with C/C++
                                                                        • MariaDB Connector/C (C/C++) Version 3.0.9 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                      • Connect with C#/.NET
                                                                        • Connect with Go
                                                                          • Connect with Java/JDBC
                                                                            • The SingleStore JDBC Driver
                                                                            • MariaDB Connector/J (JDBC) Version 2.4.0 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                            • JDBC Connector Setup Instructions With Optional GSSAPI
                                                                          • Connect with JavaScript
                                                                            • Connect with Node.js
                                                                            • Connect with Node.js using SSL
                                                                          • Connect with Laravel
                                                                          • Connect with ODBC
                                                                            • The SingleStore ODBC Driver
                                                                            • MariaDB Connector/ODBC Version 3.0.8 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                            • MySQL Connector/ODBC Version 8.0.26 (GPLv2)
                                                                          • Connect with Perl
                                                                            • Connect with Perl
                                                                            • DBD-MariaDB Perl Library Version 1.11 (GPLv2)
                                                                          • Connect with PHP
                                                                          • Connect with Python
                                                                            • Python Client Library Setup Instructions
                                                                            • MySQL Connector/Python Version 2.1.7 (GPLv2)
                                                                            • MySQL Connector/Python Version 8.0.15 (GPLv2)
                                                                            • Connect with Standard Python
                                                                            • Connect with SQLAlchemy
                                                                          • Connect with Ruby
                                                                            • Connect with Standard Ruby
                                                                            • Connect with Ruby on Rails
                                                                          • Connect with Rust
                                                                          • Using Prepared Statements
                                                                        • Connect with HTTP API
                                                                        • Concurrent Multi-Insert Examples
                                                                          • Bash
                                                                          • C
                                                                          • C# / .NET Core
                                                                          • Java
                                                                          • Node.js
                                                                          • Python
                                                                        • Functional Extensions
                                                                          • Analyzing Time Series Data
                                                                            • Working with Full-Text Search
                                                                              • Working with Geospatial Features
                                                                                • Working with Window Functions
                                                                                • SQL Reference
                                                                                  • SQL Reference Overview
                                                                                • Procedural Extensions
                                                                                  • Performance
                                                                                  • Control Flow
                                                                                  • Additional Data Types
                                                                                  • Stored Procedures
                                                                                  • User-Defined Scalar-Valued Functions (UDFs)
                                                                                  • User-Defined Table-Valued Functions (TVFs)
                                                                                  • User-Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs)
                                                                                  • External Functions
                                                                                  • Static Parameterized SQL
                                                                                  • Dynamic SQL
                                                                                    • Example Dynamic SQL Use Cases
                                                                                    • Writing Dynamic SQL
                                                                                  • Procedural Extensions Security
                                                                                    • Application-Based User Security in Stored Procedures
                                                                                    • Security Models Used by Procedural Extensions
                                                                                  • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                  • See Also
                                                                                • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                • Get Started Using SingleStore DB for Free
                                                                                  • Sign Up for SingleStore DB
                                                                                  • Install Docker Desktop
                                                                                  • Create a Docker Compose File
                                                                                  • Start the SingleStore DB Cluster
                                                                                  • Start SingleStore DB Studio
                                                                                  • Next Steps
                                                                                  • See Also
                                                                                • User and Cluster Administration
                                                                                  • SingleStore DB User Management
                                                                                    • Configuring SingleStore DB user accounts
                                                                                      • Securing the initial SingleStore DB user accounts
                                                                                      • Adding a User
                                                                                      • Changing a Password for a User
                                                                                      • Removing a User
                                                                                      • Inspecting Permissions
                                                                                      • Setting a Failed Login Attempt Lockout Policy
                                                                                    • Synchronizing LDAP Users
                                                                                      • LDAP Operations
                                                                                      • Synchronization Rules
                                                                                      • Using the LDAP Tool
                                                                                      • Communication with LDAP Server
                                                                                      • Processing LDAP Search Results
                                                                                    • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Guide
                                                                                      • Role-based Operations
                                                                                      • Role Creation
                                                                                      • Account Creation
                                                                                      • Enable Strict Mode
                                                                                      • Set Strict Mode without Management Tools
                                                                                      • Remove Default and Low-level Accounts
                                                                                      • Appendix: Role-Based Access Control Command Reference
                                                                                  • Cluster Health and Performance
                                                                                    • Workload Profiling Overview
                                                                                      • Background
                                                                                      • Enable Advanced Counters
                                                                                      • Concepts
                                                                                    • Monitoring
                                                                                      • Components to Monitor
                                                                                      • Configure Alerts
                                                                                      • Configure Monitoring
                                                                                      • Configure Monitoring with Datadog
                                                                                    • Monitoring with SingleStore Studio
                                                                                      • Studio Connect Monitoring Guide
                                                                                      • Configure the Connection
                                                                                      • Additional Connection Examples
                                                                                  • High Availability and Disaster Recovery
                                                                                    • Replication and Durability Concepts
                                                                                      • Replication
                                                                                      • Durability
                                                                                      • Using Synchronous Replication and Synchronous Durability Together
                                                                                      • Using Asynchronous Replication with Synchronous Durability is not Allowed
                                                                                      • Replication and Durability Configuration
                                                                                      • Replication and Durability Error Handling
                                                                                    • Managing High Availability
                                                                                      • High Availability Architecture
                                                                                      • Enabling High Availability
                                                                                      • Disabling High Availability
                                                                                      • High Availability Commands
                                                                                    • Transaction Logs and Snapshots
                                                                                      • Usage
                                                                                      • Replay Configuration
                                                                                      • Storage Location
                                                                                      • Configuration
                                                                                      • Managing Disk Space Used by Transaction Logs
                                                                                      • Error Handling
                                                                                    • Replicating Data Across Clusters
                                                                                      • Replication Compatibility Between Different Cluster Versions
                                                                                      • Setting Up Replication
                                                                                      • Cluster Topology
                                                                                      • Pausing and Stopping Replication
                                                                                      • Cluster Failover
                                                                                      • Aggregator Failover
                                                                                      • Calculating Memory Allocation per Host in a Cluster
                                                                                      • Upgrading a Primary and Secondary Cluster
                                                                                      • Monitoring Replication
                                                                                      • Extracting Data From a Secondary Database
                                                                                    • Replicate an Unlimited Storage Database
                                                                                      • High Availability (HA)and Disaster Recovery (DR) FAQs
                                                                                    • Maintain Your Cluster
                                                                                      • Administering a Cluster
                                                                                        • Cluster Administration Commands
                                                                                        • Setting the Redundancy Level
                                                                                      • Changing an IP Address
                                                                                      • Setting or Replacing a License
                                                                                        • Setting a license
                                                                                        • Determining capacity and usage for your license
                                                                                      • Managing Memory
                                                                                        • maximum_memory
                                                                                        • maximum_table_memory
                                                                                        • buffer_manager_cached_memory
                                                                                        • Addressing the “Maximum Table Memory” Error
                                                                                        • Out of Memory on Linux
                                                                                        • Freeing Table Memory
                                                                                        • Managing Plancache Memory Usage
                                                                                        • Changing SingleStore's Memory Limits After Modifying System Memory Capacity
                                                                                        • Changing the Memory Limit for Each Node After Installation
                                                                                      • Setting the Time Zone
                                                                                        • Setting the Time Zone on the Host (Linux OS)
                                                                                        • Setting the Time Zone in SingleStore DB
                                                                                        • Time Zone Engine Variables
                                                                                      • Rolling Restart in a Cluster
                                                                                      • Taking Leaves Offline without Cluster Downtime
                                                                                        • FAQs
                                                                                      • Taking Leaves Offline with Cluster Downtime
                                                                                      • Changing Leaf Nodes Pairing
                                                                                      • Changing the Default Data Directory Post Installation for a Leaf Node
                                                                                      • Startup Sequence and Process in a Cluster
                                                                                      • Resize Your Cluster
                                                                                        • Cluster Downsizing Steps
                                                                                          • Cluster Downsizing Steps
                                                                                        • Cluster Expansion Steps
                                                                                        • Upgrade or Uninstall SingleStore DB
                                                                                          • Upgrade SingleStore DB
                                                                                            • Upgrade to SingleStore DB 7.8
                                                                                              • Uninstall SingleStore DB
                                                                                                • Select a method to uninstall SingleStore DB
                                                                                            • Transition from MySQL to SingleStore DB
                                                                                              • Migrating Data with mysqldump
                                                                                              • Transitioning Your Application
                                                                                            • Troubleshooting
                                                                                              • Introduction
                                                                                                • 1. Identifying Expensive Queries
                                                                                                  • 2. Investigating Expensive Queries
                                                                                                    • 3. Are any queries waiting on something?
                                                                                                      • 4. Are key resources being overused?
                                                                                                        • 5. Are there other ongoing operational activities?
                                                                                                          • 6. Checking Node, Partition, and Overall Database Health
                                                                                                            • 7. Checking Partition Number and Data Skew
                                                                                                              • 8. Checking for System Changes and Log Hints
                                                                                                              • Use the Workload Manager and Set Resource Limits
                                                                                                                • Setting Resource Limits
                                                                                                                  • Creating a New Resource Pool
                                                                                                                  • Modifying an Existing Resource Pool
                                                                                                                  • The Built-in Resource Pools
                                                                                                                  • Setting the resource_pool Value
                                                                                                                  • Finding the Current resource_pool Value
                                                                                                                  • MV_RESOURCE_POOL_STATUS
                                                                                                                  • Query Execution Behavior
                                                                                                                  • Setting the Default Resource Pool for a User
                                                                                                                  • Changing the default resource pool for a user
                                                                                                                  • Selecting a Resource Pool Dynamically
                                                                                                                • Using the Workload Manager
                                                                                                                  • Configuring Workload Management
                                                                                                                  • Query Classification
                                                                                                                  • Queueing Policy
                                                                                                                  • Errors and Warnings
                                                                                                                  • Observing the Status of Workload Management
                                                                                                                • FAQs
                                                                                                              • Migrate from Ops to Tools
                                                                                                                • sudo
                                                                                                                  • Introduction
                                                                                                                  • Install SingleStore Tools
                                                                                                                  • Migrate Cluster
                                                                                                                  • Next Steps
                                                                                                                • non-sudo
                                                                                                                  • Introduction
                                                                                                                  • Install SingleStore Tools
                                                                                                                  • Migrate Cluster
                                                                                                                  • Next Steps
                                                                                                              • Cluster Management with Tools
                                                                                                                • SingleStore Tools Overview
                                                                                                                  • SingleStore Tools Installation
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Toolbox Installation
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Installation
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore Client Installation
                                                                                                                  • SingleStore DB Toolbox
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Toolbox Command Auto-Completion
                                                                                                                    • sdb-toolbox-config
                                                                                                                    • sdb-deploy
                                                                                                                    • sdb-admin
                                                                                                                    • sdb-report
                                                                                                                    • memsqlctl
                                                                                                                  • SingleStore DB Studio Overview
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Installation
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Upgrade
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Architecture
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio CLI
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Security
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Workload Monitoring
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio SQL Editor
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Visual Explain
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio WebSocket Proxy
                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Log Rotation
                                                                                                                  • SingleStore Client
                                                                                                                • Dedicated Admin Connections
                                                                                                                • Changing the Root Password
                                                                                                                • Recovering from Loss of Root Credentials
                                                                                                              • Reference
                                                                                                                • Configuration Reference
                                                                                                                  • Configuration Reference Overview
                                                                                                                  • Cluster Configuration
                                                                                                                    • Overview
                                                                                                                    • System Requirements and Recommendations
                                                                                                                    • Configuring SingleStore DB for NUMA
                                                                                                                    • AVX2 Instruction Set Verification
                                                                                                                    • AWS EC2 Best Practices
                                                                                                                    • Enable AWS CloudTrail Logs for extending the retention of logs
                                                                                                                    • Create a IAM Role
                                                                                                                    • Recommended Configurations to Tolerate Failure of a Cloud AZ or Nearby Data Center
                                                                                                                    • Feedback
                                                                                                                  • System Limits
                                                                                                                    • Cluster-Level Limits
                                                                                                                    • Database-Level Limits
                                                                                                                    • Table-Level Limits
                                                                                                                    • Naming Constraints
                                                                                                                  • Engine Variables
                                                                                                                    • Engine Variables
                                                                                                                    • List of Engine Variables
                                                                                                                    • memsql.cnf
                                                                                                                  • SingleStore DB Directory Layout
                                                                                                                  • SingleStore DB Server and memsqld
                                                                                                                    • memsqlctl
                                                                                                                      • Memsqlctl
                                                                                                                      • Memsqlctl Config File (memsqlctl.hcl)
                                                                                                                      • Memsqlctl State File (nodes.hcl)
                                                                                                                    • Toolbox
                                                                                                                      • Toolbox
                                                                                                                      • Toolbox Config File (toolbox.hcl)
                                                                                                                      • Toolbox State File (toolbox-state.hcl)
                                                                                                                      • SingleStore DB Toolbox and memsqlctl Differences
                                                                                                                  • MemSQL Operator Reference
                                                                                                                    • MemSQL Operator Reference Overview
                                                                                                                    • Additional Deployment Methods
                                                                                                                      • Helm Chart for IBM Cloud Pak for Data
                                                                                                                    • Advanced Service Configuration
                                                                                                                    • Apply Changes to a Cluster
                                                                                                                    • Backups
                                                                                                                      • Change the Admin Password
                                                                                                                        • Configure Core Dumps
                                                                                                                          • Enable Core Dumps
                                                                                                                          • Generate Core Dumps
                                                                                                                          • Core Dump Location
                                                                                                                        • Configure Liveness and Readiness Probes
                                                                                                                        • Configure TLS/SSL/WebSocket
                                                                                                                        • Delete the Cluster or Operator
                                                                                                                          • Disaster Recovery
                                                                                                                          • Generate Cluster Reports
                                                                                                                            • Global Variables
                                                                                                                            • MemSQL Pod Scheduling
                                                                                                                            • Monitor the Cluster
                                                                                                                              • Upload Metrics to Kafka
                                                                                                                            • Mount Additional ConfigMaps/Secrets
                                                                                                                              • Perform an Upgrade
                                                                                                                                • Upgrade the Operator
                                                                                                                                • Upgrade the SingleStore DB Engine
                                                                                                                              • Pull Images from a Private Registry
                                                                                                                              • Scale a Cluster
                                                                                                                                • Horizontal Scaling
                                                                                                                                • Vertical Scaling
                                                                                                                              • Set System Requirements
                                                                                                                              • Verify Cluster Stability
                                                                                                                                • View the Operator Logs
                                                                                                                              • SingleStore Tools Reference
                                                                                                                                • SingleStore Tools Reference
                                                                                                                                • Common Tools Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Common Tool Reference
                                                                                                                                  • env
                                                                                                                                  • help
                                                                                                                                  • version
                                                                                                                                • sdb-admin Commands
                                                                                                                                  • sdb-admin reference
                                                                                                                                  • add-aggregator
                                                                                                                                  • add-leaf
                                                                                                                                  • bootstrap-aggregator
                                                                                                                                  • change-root-password
                                                                                                                                  • configure-monitoring
                                                                                                                                  • create-backup
                                                                                                                                  • create-node
                                                                                                                                  • delete-backup
                                                                                                                                  • delete-node
                                                                                                                                  • describe-node
                                                                                                                                  • disable-nodes-autostart
                                                                                                                                  • dump
                                                                                                                                  • enable-high-availability
                                                                                                                                  • enable-http-api
                                                                                                                                  • enable-nodes-autostart
                                                                                                                                  • enable-systemd-client
                                                                                                                                  • list-backups
                                                                                                                                  • list-nodes
                                                                                                                                  • optimize
                                                                                                                                  • put-file
                                                                                                                                  • query
                                                                                                                                  • register-node
                                                                                                                                  • remove-aggregator
                                                                                                                                  • remove-leaf
                                                                                                                                  • restart-node
                                                                                                                                  • restore-backup
                                                                                                                                  • set-license
                                                                                                                                  • show-aggregators
                                                                                                                                  • show-cluster
                                                                                                                                  • show-leaves
                                                                                                                                  • show-license
                                                                                                                                  • snapshot-database
                                                                                                                                  • start-monitoring
                                                                                                                                  • start-node
                                                                                                                                  • state
                                                                                                                                  • stop-monitoring
                                                                                                                                  • stop-node
                                                                                                                                  • summarize-backups
                                                                                                                                  • sync-ldap
                                                                                                                                  • unregister-node
                                                                                                                                  • update-config
                                                                                                                                  • update-node-basedir
                                                                                                                                  • validate-backup
                                                                                                                                • sdb-deploy Commands
                                                                                                                                  • sdb-deploy Reference
                                                                                                                                  • cluster-in-a-box
                                                                                                                                  • destroy-cluster
                                                                                                                                  • generate-cluster-file
                                                                                                                                  • install
                                                                                                                                  • list-versions
                                                                                                                                  • setup-cluster
                                                                                                                                  • state
                                                                                                                                  • ui
                                                                                                                                  • uninstall
                                                                                                                                  • upgrade
                                                                                                                                • sdb-report Commands
                                                                                                                                  • sdb-report Reference
                                                                                                                                  • calibrate
                                                                                                                                  • calibrate-blob-storage
                                                                                                                                  • check
                                                                                                                                  • collect
                                                                                                                                  • collect-and-check
                                                                                                                                  • collect-kube
                                                                                                                                  • collect-local
                                                                                                                                  • send-alert
                                                                                                                                  • state
                                                                                                                                • sdb-toolbox-config Commands
                                                                                                                                  • sdb-toolbox-config Reference
                                                                                                                                  • describe-host
                                                                                                                                  • list-hosts
                                                                                                                                  • register-host
                                                                                                                                  • state
                                                                                                                                  • unregister-host
                                                                                                                                • memsqlctl Commands
                                                                                                                                  • memsqlctl Reference
                                                                                                                                  • add-aggregator
                                                                                                                                  • add-leaf
                                                                                                                                  • bootstrap-aggregator
                                                                                                                                  • change-root-password
                                                                                                                                  • collect-garbage
                                                                                                                                  • create-node
                                                                                                                                  • delete-node
                                                                                                                                  • describe-node
                                                                                                                                  • enable-high-availability
                                                                                                                                  • list-nodes
                                                                                                                                  • optimize
                                                                                                                                  • query
                                                                                                                                  • register-node
                                                                                                                                  • remove-aggregator
                                                                                                                                  • remove-leaf
                                                                                                                                  • restart-node
                                                                                                                                  • set-license
                                                                                                                                  • show-aggregators
                                                                                                                                  • show-cluster
                                                                                                                                  • show-leaves
                                                                                                                                  • show-license
                                                                                                                                  • start-node
                                                                                                                                  • stop-node
                                                                                                                                  • unregister-node
                                                                                                                                  • update-config
                                                                                                                                  • update-node-basedir
                                                                                                                              • SQL Reference
                                                                                                                                • SQL Reference Overview
                                                                                                                                • Comparison Operators and Functions
                                                                                                                                  • BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN
                                                                                                                                  • NULL Handling
                                                                                                                                  • LIKE, NOT LIKE
                                                                                                                                  • IN(), NOT IN()
                                                                                                                                  • strcmp()
                                                                                                                                  • Where operators can be used
                                                                                                                                  • Using Comparison Operators with Date and Time Functions
                                                                                                                                • Database Object Case-Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                • Data Types
                                                                                                                                  • Integer Numbers
                                                                                                                                  • Real Numbers
                                                                                                                                  • Time and Date
                                                                                                                                  • String Types
                                                                                                                                  • BLOB Types
                                                                                                                                  • JSON Type
                                                                                                                                  • Geospatial Types
                                                                                                                                  • SingleStore DB (MemSQL) Procedural SQL (MPSQL) Types
                                                                                                                                  • Other Types
                                                                                                                                  • Comparing mismatched datatypes
                                                                                                                                  • Data Type Conversion
                                                                                                                                • Character Encoding
                                                                                                                                  • Working with Character Sets and Collations
                                                                                                                                  • Character Sets Supported
                                                                                                                                  • Collations Supported
                                                                                                                                  • Default Character Set and Collation
                                                                                                                                  • Specifying Character Set and Collation Cluster-Wide
                                                                                                                                  • Character Set and Collation Override
                                                                                                                                  • Implicit Collation in Special Cases
                                                                                                                                • Operations that Take Either a Database or a Cluster Lock
                                                                                                                                  • Database Locks
                                                                                                                                  • Cluster Locks
                                                                                                                                  • Operations that Take Database Locks
                                                                                                                                  • Operations that Take Cluster Locks
                                                                                                                                • User-Defined Variables
                                                                                                                                  • SELECT ... INTO User Defined Variable
                                                                                                                                  • SET
                                                                                                                                • Restricted Keywords
                                                                                                                                  • Escaping Restricted Keywords
                                                                                                                                  • List of Restricted Keywords
                                                                                                                                • Aggregate Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Aggregate Functions
                                                                                                                                  • ANY_VALUE
                                                                                                                                  • APPROX_PERCENTILE
                                                                                                                                  • AVG
                                                                                                                                  • BIT_AND
                                                                                                                                  • BIT_OR
                                                                                                                                  • BIT_XOR
                                                                                                                                  • COUNT
                                                                                                                                  • GROUP_CONCAT
                                                                                                                                  • MAX
                                                                                                                                  • MEDIAN
                                                                                                                                  • MIN
                                                                                                                                  • MOD
                                                                                                                                  • STD
                                                                                                                                  • STDDEV_SAMP
                                                                                                                                  • SUM
                                                                                                                                  • VARIANCE
                                                                                                                                  • VAR_SAMP
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SUM
                                                                                                                                • Cluster Management Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Cluster Management Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Node Requirements for SingleStore DB Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Leaf States
                                                                                                                                  • ADD AGGREGATOR
                                                                                                                                  • ADD LEAF
                                                                                                                                  • AGGREGATOR SET AS MASTER
                                                                                                                                  • ATTACH LEAF
                                                                                                                                  • ATTACH LEAF ALL
                                                                                                                                  • BOOTSTRAP AGGREGATOR
                                                                                                                                  • DETACH LEAF
                                                                                                                                  • EXPLAIN REBALANCE ALL DATABASES
                                                                                                                                  • EXPLAIN REBALANCE PARTITIONS
                                                                                                                                  • EXPLAIN RESTORE REDUNDANCY
                                                                                                                                  • FILL and FLUSH CONNECTION POOLS
                                                                                                                                  • FLUSH HOSTS
                                                                                                                                  • PROMOTE AGGREGATOR … TO MASTER
                                                                                                                                  • REBALANCE ALL DATABASES
                                                                                                                                  • REBALANCE PARTITIONS
                                                                                                                                  • REMOVE AGGREGATOR
                                                                                                                                  • REMOVE LEAF
                                                                                                                                  • RESTORE REDUNDANCY
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW AGGREGATORS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW LEAVES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW CLUSTER STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW REBALANCE ALL DATABASES STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW REBALANCE STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • TRIGGER GC
                                                                                                                                • Code Generation Functions
                                                                                                                                  • NOPARAM
                                                                                                                                • Conditional Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Conditional Functions
                                                                                                                                  • CASE
                                                                                                                                  • COALESCE
                                                                                                                                  • CAST or CONVERT
                                                                                                                                  • DECODE
                                                                                                                                  • ELT
                                                                                                                                  • GREATEST
                                                                                                                                  • IF
                                                                                                                                  • ISNULL
                                                                                                                                  • ISNUMERIC
                                                                                                                                  • LEAST
                                                                                                                                  • NULLIF
                                                                                                                                  • NVL and IFNULL
                                                                                                                                  • SLEEP
                                                                                                                                • Data Definition Language DDL
                                                                                                                                  • Data Definition Language DDL
                                                                                                                                  • ALTER DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • ALTER TABLE
                                                                                                                                  • ALTER VIEW
                                                                                                                                  • ATTACH DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE INDEX
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE MILESTONE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE VIEW
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE TABLE
                                                                                                                                  • DESCRIBE
                                                                                                                                  • DETACH DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP INDEX
                                                                                                                                  • DROP MILESTONE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP … FROM PLANCACHE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP RESULT TABLE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP TABLE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP VIEW
                                                                                                                                  • FLUSH TABLES
                                                                                                                                  • OPTIMIZE TABLE
                                                                                                                                  • TRUNCATE
                                                                                                                                  • UNLOCK TABLES
                                                                                                                                • Data Manipulation Language DML
                                                                                                                                  • Data Manipulation Language DML
                                                                                                                                  • AGGREGATOR SYNC AUTO_INCREMENT
                                                                                                                                  • BEGIN
                                                                                                                                  • CLEAR LOAD ERRORS
                                                                                                                                  • COMMIT
                                                                                                                                  • CUBE and ROLLUP
                                                                                                                                  • DELETE
                                                                                                                                  • EXCEPT and MINUS
                                                                                                                                  • EXISTS AND NOT EXISTS
                                                                                                                                  • EXPLAIN
                                                                                                                                  • INSERT
                                                                                                                                  • INTERSECT
                                                                                                                                  • LOAD DATA
                                                                                                                                  • PROFILE
                                                                                                                                  • PIVOT
                                                                                                                                  • REPLACE
                                                                                                                                  • ROLLBACK
                                                                                                                                  • SELECT
                                                                                                                                  • TABLE
                                                                                                                                  • UNION
                                                                                                                                  • UPDATE
                                                                                                                                  • USE
                                                                                                                                  • WITH (Common Table Expressions)
                                                                                                                                  • Materializing Common Table Expressions
                                                                                                                                  • Query Plan Operations
                                                                                                                                • Date and Time Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Date and Time Functions
                                                                                                                                  • ADDTIME
                                                                                                                                  • CONVERT_TZ
                                                                                                                                  • CURRENT_DATE And CURDATE
                                                                                                                                  • CURRENT_TIME And CURTIME
                                                                                                                                  • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                                                  • DATE
                                                                                                                                  • DATEDIFF
                                                                                                                                  • DATE_ADD
                                                                                                                                  • DATE_FORMAT
                                                                                                                                  • DATE_SUB
                                                                                                                                  • DATE_TRUNC
                                                                                                                                  • DAY
                                                                                                                                  • DAYNAME
                                                                                                                                  • DAYOFWEEK
                                                                                                                                  • DAYOFYEAR
                                                                                                                                  • EXTRACT
                                                                                                                                  • FROM_DAYS
                                                                                                                                  • FROM_UNIXTIME
                                                                                                                                  • GET_FORMAT
                                                                                                                                  • HOUR
                                                                                                                                  • LAST_DAY
                                                                                                                                  • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                                                                                                                                  • MICROSECOND
                                                                                                                                  • MINUTE
                                                                                                                                  • MONTH
                                                                                                                                  • MONTHNAME
                                                                                                                                  • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                                                                                                                                  • NOW
                                                                                                                                  • QUARTER
                                                                                                                                  • SECOND
                                                                                                                                  • SEC_TO_TIME
                                                                                                                                  • STR_TO_DATE
                                                                                                                                  • TIME
                                                                                                                                  • TIMEDIFF
                                                                                                                                  • TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                                                  • TIMESTAMPADD
                                                                                                                                  • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                                                                                                                                  • TIME_FORMAT
                                                                                                                                  • TIME_TO_SEC
                                                                                                                                  • TO_CHAR
                                                                                                                                  • TO_DATE
                                                                                                                                  • TO_DAYS
                                                                                                                                  • TO_SECONDS
                                                                                                                                  • TO_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                                                  • TRUNC
                                                                                                                                  • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                                                  • UTC_DATE
                                                                                                                                  • UTC_TIME
                                                                                                                                  • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                                                  • WEEK
                                                                                                                                  • WEEKDAY
                                                                                                                                  • YEAR
                                                                                                                                • Distinct Count Estimation Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Distinct Count Estimation Functions
                                                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
                                                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_ACCUMULATE
                                                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_COMBINE
                                                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_ESTIMATE
                                                                                                                                • Full-Text Search Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Full-Text Search Functions
                                                                                                                                  • HIGHLIGHT
                                                                                                                                  • MATCH
                                                                                                                                • Geospatial Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Geospatial Functions
                                                                                                                                  • APPROX_GEOGRAPHY_INTERSECTS
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_AREA
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_CONTAINS
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_DISTANCE
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_INTERSECTS
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_LATITUDE
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_LENGTH
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_LONGITUDE
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_POINT
                                                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_WITHIN_DISTANCE
                                                                                                                                • Identifier Generation Functions
                                                                                                                                  • SYS_GUID and UUID
                                                                                                                                • Information Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Information Functions
                                                                                                                                  • CONNECTION_ID
                                                                                                                                  • DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • ESTIMATED_QUERY_LEAF_MEMORY
                                                                                                                                  • ESTIMATED_QUERY_RUNTIME
                                                                                                                                  • FOUND_ROWS
                                                                                                                                  • LAST_INSERT_ID
                                                                                                                                  • ROW_COUNT
                                                                                                                                  • USER
                                                                                                                                • JSON Functions
                                                                                                                                  • JSON Functions
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_AGG
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS_<type>
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_PUSH_<type>
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_BUILD_OBJECT
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_DELETE_KEY
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_EXTRACT_<type>
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_GET_TYPE
                                                                                                                                  • JSON Keypaths
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_KEYS
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_LENGTH
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_PRETTY
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_SET_<type>
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_SPLICE_<type>
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_TO_ARRAY
                                                                                                                                  • TO_JSON
                                                                                                                                • Numeric Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Numeric Functions
                                                                                                                                  • ABS
                                                                                                                                  • SIGN
                                                                                                                                  • EXP
                                                                                                                                  • ACOS
                                                                                                                                  • ASIN
                                                                                                                                  • ATAN
                                                                                                                                  • ATAN2, ATAN
                                                                                                                                  • BIT_COUNT
                                                                                                                                  • bitwise AND (&)
                                                                                                                                  • bitwise NOT (~)
                                                                                                                                  • bitwise OR (|)
                                                                                                                                  • bitwise XOR (^)
                                                                                                                                  • bitwise left shift (<<)
                                                                                                                                  • bitwise right shift (>>)
                                                                                                                                  • CEIL
                                                                                                                                  • CONV
                                                                                                                                  • COS
                                                                                                                                  • COT
                                                                                                                                  • LN
                                                                                                                                  • LOG2
                                                                                                                                  • LOG10
                                                                                                                                  • DEGREES
                                                                                                                                  • FLOOR
                                                                                                                                  • LOG
                                                                                                                                  • PI
                                                                                                                                  • POW
                                                                                                                                  • RADIANS
                                                                                                                                  • RAND
                                                                                                                                  • ROUND
                                                                                                                                  • SIGMOID
                                                                                                                                  • SIN
                                                                                                                                  • SQRT
                                                                                                                                  • TAN
                                                                                                                                  • TO_NUMBER
                                                                                                                                  • TRUNC
                                                                                                                                  • TRUNCATE
                                                                                                                                • Operational Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Operational Commands
                                                                                                                                  • ANALYZE
                                                                                                                                  • ATTACH DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • BACKUP DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • CHECK BLOB CHECKSUM
                                                                                                                                  • CHECK BOTTOMLESS CHECKSUM
                                                                                                                                  • CLEAR ORPHAN DATABASES
                                                                                                                                  • CONTINUE REPLICATING
                                                                                                                                  • DETACH DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • KILL CONNECTION
                                                                                                                                  • KILLALL QUERIES
                                                                                                                                  • PAUSE REPLICATING
                                                                                                                                  • REPAIR DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • REPLICATE DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • RESTORE DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • SELECT GLOBAL
                                                                                                                                  • SET AGGREGATOR
                                                                                                                                  • SET and SET SESSION
                                                                                                                                  • SET CLUSTER
                                                                                                                                  • SET GLOBAL
                                                                                                                                  • SET LEAF
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW REPLICATION STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • SNAPSHOT DATABASE
                                                                                                                                  • STOP REPLICATING
                                                                                                                                  • Replication Distribution Tree
                                                                                                                                • Pipelines Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Pipelines Commands
                                                                                                                                  • ALTER PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE PIPELINE ... WITH TRANSFORM
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE PIPELINE ... INTO PROCEDURE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                  • EXTRACT PIPELINE … INTO OUTFILE
                                                                                                                                  • PROFILE PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                  • START PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                  • STOP PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                  • TEST PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                                                                  • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                                                                  • Anonymous Code Blocks
                                                                                                                                  • Control Flow Statements
                                                                                                                                  • Exceptions and Exception Handling
                                                                                                                                  • MySQL Client Delimiters
                                                                                                                                  • Transactions in Stored Procedures
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE AGGREGATE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE [OR REPLACE] EXTERNAL FUNCTION
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE FUNCTION (UDF)
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE FUNCTION (TVF)
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE PROCEDURE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE [OR REPLACE] TEMPORARY PROCEDURE …
                                                                                                                                  • DROP FUNCTION
                                                                                                                                  • DROP PROCEDURE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP AGGREGATE
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW AGGREGATES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE AGGREGATE
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW FUNCTIONS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW PROCEDURES
                                                                                                                                  • ARRAY
                                                                                                                                  • CALL
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE_ARRAY
                                                                                                                                  • COLLECT
                                                                                                                                  • ECHO
                                                                                                                                  • ECHO SELECT
                                                                                                                                  • EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
                                                                                                                                  • INSERT_ALL
                                                                                                                                  • RECORD
                                                                                                                                  • ROW
                                                                                                                                  • QUERY
                                                                                                                                  • SCALAR
                                                                                                                                  • TO_QUERY
                                                                                                                                • Regular Expression Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Regular Expression Commands
                                                                                                                                  • REGEXP_INSTR
                                                                                                                                  • REGEXP_REPLACE
                                                                                                                                  • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                                                                                                                                  • RLIKE and REGEXP
                                                                                                                                • Resource Pool Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Resource Pool Commands and Functions
                                                                                                                                  • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                                                                  • DROP RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW RESOURCE POOLS
                                                                                                                                • Security Management Commands
                                                                                                                                  • Security Management Commands
                                                                                                                                  • ALTER USER
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE GROUP
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE LINK
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE ROLE
                                                                                                                                  • CREATE USER
                                                                                                                                  • CURRENT_SECURITY_GROUPS
                                                                                                                                  • CURRENT_SECURITY_ROLES
                                                                                                                                  • CURRENT_USER
                                                                                                                                  • DROP GROUP
                                                                                                                                  • DROP LINK
                                                                                                                                  • DROP ROLE
                                                                                                                                  • DROP USER
                                                                                                                                  • GRANT
                                                                                                                                  • GRANT GROUP
                                                                                                                                  • GRANT ROLE
                                                                                                                                  • REVOKE
                                                                                                                                  • REVOKE GROUP
                                                                                                                                  • REVOKE ROLE
                                                                                                                                  • SECURITY_LISTS_INTERSECT
                                                                                                                                  • SET PASSWORD
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW GRANTS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW GROUPS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW GROUPS FOR ROLE
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW GROUPS FOR USER
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW LINKS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW ROLES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW ROLES FOR GROUP
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW ROLES FOR USER
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW USERS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW USERS FOR GROUP
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW USERS FOR ROLE
                                                                                                                                  • Permissions Matrix
                                                                                                                                  • Default Mode Permissions Changes
                                                                                                                                  • Strict Mode Permissions
                                                                                                                                • SHOW Commands
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW Commands
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE PIPELINE
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW COLUMNS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE TABLE
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE VIEW
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW DATABASES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW DATABASE STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW ERRORS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW GLOBAL STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW INDEX, SHOW INDEXES, SHOW KEYS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW INDEXES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW KEYS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW LOAD ERRORS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW LOAD WARNINGS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW PARTITIONS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW PIPELINES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW PLAN
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW PLANCACHE
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW PROCESSLIST
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW REPRODUCTION
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW SCHEMAS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW SESSION STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW STATUS EXTENDED
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW TABLE STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW TABLES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW VARIABLES
                                                                                                                                  • SHOW WARNINGS
                                                                                                                                  • System Status
                                                                                                                                • String Functions
                                                                                                                                  • String Functions
                                                                                                                                  • AES_DECRYPT
                                                                                                                                  • AES_ENCRYPT
                                                                                                                                  • ASCII
                                                                                                                                  • BIN
                                                                                                                                  • BINARY
                                                                                                                                  • CHAR
                                                                                                                                  • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                                                                                                                                  • CHARSET
                                                                                                                                  • CONCAT
                                                                                                                                  • CONCAT_WS
                                                                                                                                  • CRC32
                                                                                                                                  • FIELD
                                                                                                                                  • FORMAT
                                                                                                                                  • FROM_BASE64
                                                                                                                                  • QUOTE
                                                                                                                                  • HEX
                                                                                                                                  • INET_ATON
                                                                                                                                  • INET_NTOA
                                                                                                                                  • INET6_ATON
                                                                                                                                  • INET6_NTOA
                                                                                                                                  • INITCAP
                                                                                                                                  • INSTR
                                                                                                                                  • LCASE
                                                                                                                                  • LEFT
                                                                                                                                  • LENGTH
                                                                                                                                  • LOCATE
                                                                                                                                  • LPAD
                                                                                                                                  • LTRIM
                                                                                                                                  • MD5
                                                                                                                                  • REPLACE
                                                                                                                                  • RIGHT
                                                                                                                                  • RPAD
                                                                                                                                  • RTRIM
                                                                                                                                  • SECRET
                                                                                                                                  • SHA1
                                                                                                                                  • SHA2
                                                                                                                                  • SPLIT
                                                                                                                                  • STRING_BYTES
                                                                                                                                  • SUBSTRING
                                                                                                                                  • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                                                                                                                                  • TO_BASE64
                                                                                                                                  • TRIM
                                                                                                                                  • UCASE
                                                                                                                                  • UNHEX
                                                                                                                                • Time Series Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Time Series Functions
                                                                                                                                  • FIRST
                                                                                                                                  • LAST
                                                                                                                                  • TIME_BUCKET
                                                                                                                                • Vector Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Vector Functions
                                                                                                                                  • DOT_PRODUCT
                                                                                                                                  • EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_PACK
                                                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK
                                                                                                                                  • SCALAR_VECTOR_MUL
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_ADD
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_ELEMENTS_SUM
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_KTH_ELEMENT
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_MUL
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_NUM_ELEMENTS
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SORT
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SUB
                                                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SUBVECTOR
                                                                                                                                • Window Functions
                                                                                                                                  • Window Functions
                                                                                                                                  • DENSE_RANK
                                                                                                                                  • FIRST_VALUE
                                                                                                                                  • LAG
                                                                                                                                  • LAST_VALUE
                                                                                                                                  • LEAD
                                                                                                                                  • NTH_VALUE
                                                                                                                                  • NTILE
                                                                                                                                  • PERCENT_RANK
                                                                                                                                  • PERCENTILE_CONT and MEDIAN
                                                                                                                                  • PERCENTILE_DISC
                                                                                                                                  • RANK
                                                                                                                                  • ROW_NUMBER
                                                                                                                              • Troubleshooting Reference
                                                                                                                                • Troubleshooting Overview
                                                                                                                                • Counting Partitions by Role
                                                                                                                                • Capacity Limit Error
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 2350: Leaf node could not be added because you are using the SingleStore DB free license which has a limit of 4 license units and after adding the node you would be using XX license units.
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 2349: Code generation for new statements is disabled because the total number of license units of capacity used on all leaf nodes is XX, which is above the limit of 4 for the SingleStore DB free license.
                                                                                                                                  • WARN: The ready queue has not decreased (currently <num> elements, <num> pops) for <num> seconds. This workload needs more threads.
                                                                                                                                  • Leaf Error (HOST:PORT): Unable to connect to leaf @HOST:PORT with user USER, using password YES/NO: [1040] Too many connections.
                                                                                                                                • Dealing with Cluster Failures
                                                                                                                                  • Assess the Situation
                                                                                                                                  • Tools: Leaf Node Failures
                                                                                                                                  • Tools: Aggregator Failures
                                                                                                                                • How Failover is Triggered in HA
                                                                                                                                • Disk Capacity Errors
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR: “Available disk space is below the value of minimal_disk_space global variable (512 MB). This query cannot be executed.”
                                                                                                                                • Diagnosing a Performance Issue Using Workload Profiling
                                                                                                                                  • Use Case: Disk Bottleneck
                                                                                                                                  • Use Case: Memory Usage by a Query
                                                                                                                                • Generating a Cluster Report
                                                                                                                                  • Generating the Report
                                                                                                                                  • Submitting the Report to SingleStore Support
                                                                                                                                • Identifying and Reducing Memory Usage
                                                                                                                                  • Summary variables
                                                                                                                                  • Other variables
                                                                                                                                  • Row store variables
                                                                                                                                  • Deleting Row Store Table Data When at the Memory Limit
                                                                                                                                  • Reducing Memory Use by Row Store Tables
                                                                                                                                  • Columnstore Table Considerations
                                                                                                                                  • Understanding Memory and Disk Usage with Studio
                                                                                                                                • Memory Errors
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 2350: Leaf or aggregator node could not be added because you are using the SingleStore DB free license which has a total memory limit of 128.00 GB
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 2349: Code generation for new statements is disabled because the total of maximum_memory on all nodes (used_cluster_capacity) is XXX.00 GB which is above the limit of 128.00 GB for the SingleStore DB free license.
                                                                                                                                  • Failed to allocate XXXXX bytes of memory from the operating system (Error 12: Cannot allocate memory). This is usually due to a misconfigured operating system or virtualization technology.
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1712: Not enough memory available to complete the current request. The request was not processed.
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR: 1720 - “Memory usage by SingleStore DB for tables (XXXXX MB) has reached the value of ‘maximum_table_memory’ global variable (YYYYY MB). This query cannot be executed.”
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR: "Nonfatal buffer manager memory allocation failure. The maximum_memory parameter (XXXXX MB) has been reached.
                                                                                                                                • SingleStore Tools Issues
                                                                                                                                  • ISSUE: Getting prompted for user’s sudo password
                                                                                                                                  • ISSUE: We were unable to check whether this is an official version
                                                                                                                                  • ISSUE: Failed to add user to the memsql group.
                                                                                                                                  • ISSUE: memsqlctl is configured to require that users be in the “memsql” group for read access
                                                                                                                                • Network Errors
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1158 (08S01): Leaf Error (): Error reading packet ### from the connection socket (): Connection timed out
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1735: Unable to connect … Timed out reading from socket
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1970 (HY000): Subprocess /var/lib/memsql/master-3306/extractors/kafka-extract –get-offsets –kafka-version=0.8.2.2 timed out
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket “/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock”
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths failed
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: SSL is required but the server doesn’t support it
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR: Distributed Join Error. Leaf X cannot connect to Leaf Y.
                                                                                                                                • Operations Errors
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1218 (08S01): Error connecting to master: master is running an incompatible version of MemSQL
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1795: Cannot SHOW PARTITIONS. Database memsql is not sharded.
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1832 (HY000): Restoring partitions on %s. Couldn’t find backup file for partition # of database X (there are ### partitions without backup files).
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR: Partition’s table metadata are out of sync for table
                                                                                                                                  • Transform for pipeline <pipeline_name> exited with “FAILURE”. Truncated stderr:
                                                                                                                                • Query Errors
                                                                                                                                  • ISSUE: Inconsistent Query Run Times
                                                                                                                                  • ISSUE: Long Running Queries Blocking DDL Operations and Workload
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1706 (HY000): Feature “Multi-table UPDATE/DELETE with a reference table as target table” is not supported by MemSQL
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1706 (HY000): Leaf Error (127.0.0.1:3307): Feature “INSERT IGNORE … ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE” is not supported by MemSQL
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1064 ER_PARSE_ERROR: Unhandled exception Type: ER_PARSE_ERROR (1064)
                                                                                                                                  • ERROR 1956 ER_PARAMETER_CAPACITY_EXCEEDED: Query cannot be completed because the parameter array capacity of 1048576 was exceeded.
                                                                                                                                  • Error: "Query execution memory use (XXX MB) has reached the maximum memory for its resource pool 'xxx' (XX%). “
                                                                                                                                • Trace Log
                                                                                                                                  • Location and Management
                                                                                                                                  • Log Rotation
                                                                                                                                  • Deleting Trace Log
                                                                                                                                  • Logging Queries
                                                                                                                                • Pipeline Errors
                                                                                                                                  • Detect and Address Slow Performance and High Memory Usage of Pipelines
                                                                                                                                  • View and Handle Pipeline Errors
                                                                                                                                  • S3 Authentication Errors
                                                                                                                                • Understanding Orphaned Partitions
                                                                                                                                  • Identifying Orphaned Partitions
                                                                                                                                  • Addressing Orphans by Attaching New Partitions
                                                                                                                                  • Removing Orphaned Partitions that are not Needed
                                                                                                                              • System Databases
                                                                                                                              • Information Schema Reference
                                                                                                                                • Information Schema
                                                                                                                                  • Introduction
                                                                                                                                  • Accessing the Information Schema
                                                                                                                                  • Examples
                                                                                                                                • Cluster Component Tables
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.AGGREGATORS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_BLOB_CACHE_EVENTS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_CACHED_BLOBS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLLATIONS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLUMNS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.DISTRIBUTED_DATABASES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.DISTRIBUTED_PARTITIONS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.LEAVES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_CLUSTER_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_DISTRIBUTED_DATABASES_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_EVENTS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_HOSTS_INFORMATION
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.PARAMETERS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.ROUTINES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.SCHEMATA
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.SITES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.VIEWS
                                                                                                                                • Management Tables
                                                                                                                                  • Concepts and Terminology
                                                                                                                                  • mv_activities
                                                                                                                                  • mv_activities_extended
                                                                                                                                  • mv_activities_cumulative
                                                                                                                                  • mv_activities_extended_cumulative
                                                                                                                                  • mv_aggregated_column_usage
                                                                                                                                  • mv_aggregated_replication_status
                                                                                                                                  • mv_blocked_queries
                                                                                                                                  • mv_collected_row_change_counts
                                                                                                                                  • mv_finished_tasks
                                                                                                                                  • mv_global_status
                                                                                                                                  • mv_global_variables
                                                                                                                                  • mv_nodes
                                                                                                                                  • mv_queries
                                                                                                                                  • mv_query_activities
                                                                                                                                  • mv_query_activities_extended_cumulative
                                                                                                                                  • mv_query_column_usage
                                                                                                                                  • lmv_replication_status
                                                                                                                                  • mv_replication_status
                                                                                                                                  • mv_row_change_counts
                                                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_cpu
                                                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_cpulist
                                                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_disk
                                                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_mem
                                                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_net
                                                                                                                                  • mv_tasks
                                                                                                                                • Management Statistics Reference
                                                                                                                                  • Extended Statistics
                                                                                                                                  • Simplified Statistics
                                                                                                                                  • Statistics Availability
                                                                                                                                  • Advanced Statistics
                                                                                                                                  • Understanding memory_bs
                                                                                                                                • Query Performance, Workload Management, and Statistics Tables
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.ADVANCED_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLUMN_STATISTICS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.INDEX_STATISTICS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.LMV_JOIN_OPTIMIZATION_RESULTS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.LMV_PROFILE_STATS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_BACKUP_HISTORY
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_BACKUP_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_BT
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_PLANCACHE
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_PROCESSLIST
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_PROSPECTIVE_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_QUERY_PROSPECTIVE_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_WORKLOAD_MANAGEMENT_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.PLANCACHE
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.RANGE_STATISTICS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.STATISTICS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLE_STATISTICS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.USER_VARIABLES
                                                                                                                                • Pipelines Tables
                                                                                                                                  • PIPELINES
                                                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_BATCHES_SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_BATCHES
                                                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_ERRORS
                                                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_CURSORS
                                                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_FILES
                                                                                                                                • Resource and User Management Tables
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.AVAILABILITY_GROUPS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.CURRENT_USER_GROUPS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.CURRENT_USER_ROLES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.GROUP_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.GROUPS_ROLES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_RESOURCE_POOL_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.RESOURCE_POOLS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.ROLE_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.USERS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.USERS_GROUPS
                                                                                                                                • Segment, Column, and Merge Status Tables
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLUMNAR_SEGMENTS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.IND_CS_PARTITION_ROW_SEGMENT_GROUPS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_COLUMNAR_SEGMENT_INDEX
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_COLUMNSTORE_FILES
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_COLUMNSTORE_MERGE_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_REBALANCE_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • MV_ROW_CHANGE_COUNTS
                                                                                                                                • Unlimited Storage Tables
                                                                                                                                  • MV_BOTTOMLESS_API_EVENTS
                                                                                                                                  • MV_BOTTOMLESS_REMOTE_STATS
                                                                                                                                  • MV_BOTTOMLESS_STATUS
                                                                                                                                  • MV_BOTTOMLESS_STATUS_EXTENDED
                                                                                                                                  • MV_BOTTOMLESS_SUMMARY
                                                                                                                                  • MV_MILESTONES
                                                                                                                              • HTTP API
                                                                                                                                • HTTP API Authentication
                                                                                                                                • Accessing the HTTP API
                                                                                                                                • Enabling the HTTP API
                                                                                                                                  • HTTP API Data Type Conversion
                                                                                                                                    • HTTP API Error Handling
                                                                                                                                    • HTTP API Endpoint Reference
                                                                                                                                      • exec
                                                                                                                                      • ping
                                                                                                                                      • query/rows
                                                                                                                                      • query/tuples
                                                                                                                                      • spec
                                                                                                                                • Security
                                                                                                                                  • Overview
                                                                                                                                    • Configuring SingleStore DB user accounts
                                                                                                                                      • Securing the initial SingleStore DB user accounts
                                                                                                                                      • Adding a User
                                                                                                                                      • Changing a Password for a User
                                                                                                                                      • Removing a User
                                                                                                                                      • Inspecting Permissions
                                                                                                                                      • Setting a Failed Login Attempt Lockout Policy
                                                                                                                                    • Configuring Host-Based Security
                                                                                                                                    • Configuring SSL
                                                                                                                                    • Setting SECURE_FILE_PRIV
                                                                                                                                  • Authentication
                                                                                                                                    • Introduction
                                                                                                                                    • Authenticating Users via SAML
                                                                                                                                      • Creating a New User
                                                                                                                                    • Configuring a Password Policy
                                                                                                                                      • Password Expiration
                                                                                                                                      • Password Reuse
                                                                                                                                      • Password Complexity
                                                                                                                                    • SAML Authentication
                                                                                                                                      • Prerequisites
                                                                                                                                      • Terms and Concepts
                                                                                                                                      • Next Steps
                                                                                                                                    • Configuring and Using Connection Links
                                                                                                                                      • User Advantages
                                                                                                                                      • Using a Connection Link
                                                                                                                                      • Example
                                                                                                                                    • Configuring SAML Global Variables
                                                                                                                                      • Minimum Configurations
                                                                                                                                      • Maximum Configuration and Other Options
                                                                                                                                    • Troubleshooting SAML Authentication
                                                                                                                                      • SAML Assertion Errors
                                                                                                                                      • Encryption or Signing Errors
                                                                                                                                    • Kerberos Authentication
                                                                                                                                      • Assumptions and Prerequisites
                                                                                                                                      • Configuring the KDC
                                                                                                                                      • Configuring SingleStore DB for Kerberos Authentication
                                                                                                                                      • Troubleshooting
                                                                                                                                    • Using SingleStore DB and PAM
                                                                                                                                      • Background
                                                                                                                                      • PAM and SingleStore DB (connection with MySQL Client)
                                                                                                                                      • GRANT Syntax using PAM
                                                                                                                                  • Administration
                                                                                                                                    • Introduction
                                                                                                                                    • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Guide
                                                                                                                                      • Role-based Operations
                                                                                                                                      • Role Creation
                                                                                                                                      • Account Creation
                                                                                                                                      • Enable Strict Mode
                                                                                                                                      • Appendix: Role-Based Access Control Command Reference
                                                                                                                                    • Row-Level Security (RLS) Deployment Guide
                                                                                                                                      • Synchronizing Permissions Across Your Cluster
                                                                                                                                        • sync_permissions variable
                                                                                                                                        • Enabling sync permissions
                                                                                                                                        • Understanding sync users
                                                                                                                                        • Root user behavior
                                                                                                                                    • Audit Logging
                                                                                                                                      • Introduction
                                                                                                                                      • Audit Logging
                                                                                                                                        • Prerequisites
                                                                                                                                        • Next Steps
                                                                                                                                      • Configuring Audit Logging
                                                                                                                                        • Audit Logging Configuration Variables
                                                                                                                                        • How to Enable and Configure Audit Logging
                                                                                                                                      • Audit Logging Levels
                                                                                                                                        • OFF
                                                                                                                                        • LOGINS-ONLY
                                                                                                                                        • ADMIN-ONLY and ADMIN-ONLY-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                                                        • WRITES-ONLY and WRITES-ONLY-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                                                        • ALL-QUERIES and ALL-QUERIES-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                                                        • ALL-QUERIES-PLAINTEXT and ALL-QUERIES-PLAINTEXT-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                                                        • ALL-RESULTS and ALL-RESULTS-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                                                      • Audit Log File Format
                                                                                                                                        • Log Entry File Schemas
                                                                                                                                        • General Log Entry Schema
                                                                                                                                        • Log Entry Schema for LOGINS-ONLY Level
                                                                                                                                        • Disabling Audit Logging
                                                                                                                                      • Troubleshooting Audit Logging
                                                                                                                                        • Configuration Issues
                                                                                                                                        • Failed to Write Audit Log Record
                                                                                                                                    • Encryption
                                                                                                                                      • SSL Secure Connections
                                                                                                                                        • Generating SSL Certificates
                                                                                                                                        • Configuring SingleStore DB for Secure Connections
                                                                                                                                        • Specifying the TLS Version
                                                                                                                                        • Server Configuration for Secure Client Connections
                                                                                                                                        • Server Configuration for Secure Client and Intra-Cluster Connections
                                                                                                                                        • Server Configuration to Require Secure Client Connections
                                                                                                                                        • Configuring SingleStore Tools for Secure Connections
                                                                                                                                        • Client Configuration for Secure Client Connections
                                                                                                                                      • Encryption at Rest
                                                                                                                                        • Example Setup Process
                                                                                                                                        • How to Use LUKS With Different Versions of Linux
                                                                                                                                      • Securing Data at Rest with IBM Guardium Data Encryption
                                                                                                                                        • Getting Started
                                                                                                                                        • Process Overview
                                                                                                                                      • Securing Data at Rest with CipherTrust Transparent Encryption
                                                                                                                                        • Getting Started
                                                                                                                                        • Setting up CTE Components and a SingleStore DB Cluster
                                                                                                                                        • Protect Directories in SingleStore Using CTE
                                                                                                                                  • Release Notes
                                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB/MemSQL
                                                                                                                                      • 7.8 Release Notes
                                                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                                      • 7.6 Release Notes
                                                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                                      • 7.5 Release Notes
                                                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                                      • 7.3 Release Notes
                                                                                                                                        • 7.3 Release Highlights
                                                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                                      • 7.1 Release Notes
                                                                                                                                        • Release Highlights
                                                                                                                                        • Additional Features and Improvements in this Release
                                                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                                      • 7.0 Release Notes
                                                                                                                                        • Release Highlights
                                                                                                                                        • Query Execution
                                                                                                                                        • Query Optimization
                                                                                                                                        • Data Storage, Loading, and Backup
                                                                                                                                        • System Management
                                                                                                                                        • Functional Extensions
                                                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                                    • SingleStore DB Studio Release Notes
                                                                                                                                      • SingleStore DB Toolbox Release Notes
                                                                                                                                        • MemSQL Kubernetes Operator Release Notes
                                                                                                                                          • Documentation Changelog
                                                                                                                                            • 2022-04-01
                                                                                                                                            • 2021-10-01
                                                                                                                                            • 2021-07-01
                                                                                                                                            • 2021-03-01
                                                                                                                                            • 2021-02-01
                                                                                                                                            • 2021-01-19
                                                                                                                                        • Support
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                                                                                                                                        • Working with Full-Text Search
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                                                                                                                                        DB Software v7.8

                                                                                                                                        Working with Full-Text Search

                                                                                                                                        Full-text search allows searching for words or phrases in a large body of text through an inverted index. The search can be exact or “fuzzy” and performed over the text types CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT, and LONGTEXT.

                                                                                                                                        Currently, full-text indexes are only supported on columnstore tables. Also, they can only be enabled as part of a CREATE TABLE query using the FULLTEXT index type. This means full-text indexes can’t be dropped or altered after the table is created. If the table is dropped, then then index is deleted automatically.

                                                                                                                                        Content in columns that are full-text indexed can be searched using the MATCH syntax. Each MATCH clause applies to only one table. To search against multiple tables, you need to specify multiple MATCH clauses.

                                                                                                                                        Notice

                                                                                                                                        New inserts and updates into columnstore tables may go into a hidden rowstore table first before being flushed to a segment file. In that case, the full-text index in the columnstore will be updated asynchronously for new inserts and updates; however, you can force push inserts and updates from the rowstore table to your columnstore table using the OPTIMIZE TABLE <table_name> FLUSH command.

                                                                                                                                        Since an index is created for each segment file, the distribution of words within the segment may affect the score of full-text queries, especially when the segments have very few rows and the columns have very few words.

                                                                                                                                        For more information on Columnstore tables, see How the Columnstore Works.

                                                                                                                                        Examples

                                                                                                                                        For examples on how to create a table with a FULLTEXT index and how to search against that table using MATCH, see MATCH.

                                                                                                                                        Related Topics

                                                                                                                                        • Training: Full-Text Index and Search

                                                                                                                                        In this section:
                                                                                                                                        • Working with Full-Text Search
                                                                                                                                        • Examples
                                                                                                                                        • Related Topics

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                                                                                                                                          Last modified: March 25, 2022
                                                                                                                                          Publication date: