CONCAT

Concatenates all of the values in its argument list.

If any of the arguments is NULL, the result is NULL. When PIPES_AS_CONCAT flag is on, the symbol || can be used as CONCAT as well.

Note

This function is not to be confused with GROUP_CONCAT, which is an aggregate function returning a concatenation of values passed in during aggregation.

Syntax

CONCAT(expression, [ expression, [expression ...]])
expression || expression || expression ... || expression

Arguments

  • expression: any set of expressions. This may be a column name, the result of another function, or a math operation.

Return Type

The concatenated string.

Remarks

  • The symbol || can take two different roles. If the sql_mode session variable is set as PIPES_AS_CONCAT, then || is an alias for the CONCAT function else, it is an alias for logical OR.

  • The value of the sql_mode variable is checked each time || symbol is encountered. The role of the symbol changes accordingly.

  • When used as concatenation operator, || symbol has a higher precedence than the logical OR.

Examples

SELECT CONCAT('1', '2', '3');
+-----------------------+
| CONCAT('1', '2', '3') |
+-----------------------+
| 123                   |
+-----------------------+
SELECT CONCAT('1', ' ', '2', ' ', '3');
+---------------------------------+
| CONCAT('1', ' ', '2', ' ', '3') |
+---------------------------------+
| 1 2 3                           |
+---------------------------------+
SELECT CONCAT(first_name, " ", last_name) FROM bffs;
+------------------------------------+
| CONCAT(first_name, " ", last_name) |
+------------------------------------+
| Cecelia Cruz                       |
| Ari Floo                           |
| Skylar Rhodes                      |
+------------------------------------+

Using pipes (||) for concatenation:

SET @@sql_mode = PIPES_AS_CONCAT;
SELECT 'a' || 'b' || 'c';
+-------------------+
| 'a' || 'b' || 'c' |
+-------------------+
| abc               |
+-------------------+
SELECT first_name || " " || last_name FROM bffs;
+--------------------------------+
| first_name || " " || last_name |
+--------------------------------+
| Cecelia Cruz                   |
| Ari Floo                       |
| Skylar Rhodes                  |
+--------------------------------+
SELECT '1 ' || CONCAT('2 ', '3');
+---------------------------+
| '1 ' || CONCAT('2 ', '3') |
+---------------------------+
| 1 2 3                     |
+---------------------------+

Last modified: January 17, 2025

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Verification instructions

Note: You must install cosign to verify the authenticity of the SingleStore file.

Use the following steps to verify the authenticity of singlestoredb-server, singlestoredb-toolbox, singlestoredb-studio, and singlestore-client SingleStore files that have been downloaded.

You may perform the following steps on any computer that can run cosign, such as the main deployment host of the cluster.

  1. (Optional) Run the following command to view the associated signature files.

    curl undefined
  2. Download the signature file from the SingleStore release server.

    • Option 1: Click the Download Signature button next to the SingleStore file.

    • Option 2: Copy and paste the following URL into the address bar of your browser and save the signature file.

    • Option 3: Run the following command to download the signature file.

      curl -O undefined
  3. After the signature file has been downloaded, run the following command to verify the authenticity of the SingleStore file.

    echo -n undefined |
    cosign verify-blob --certificate-oidc-issuer https://oidc.eks.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/id/CCDCDBA1379A5596AB5B2E46DCA385BC \
    --certificate-identity https://kubernetes.io/namespaces/freya-production/serviceaccounts/job-worker \
    --bundle undefined \
    --new-bundle-format -
    Verified OK