VECTOR_SUB

VECTOR_SUB(vector_expression, vector_expression)

A blob containing packed single-precision floating-point numbers in little-endian byte order.

A vector can be of any length, but the input blob length must be divisible by the packed vector element size (1, 2, 4 or 8 bytes, depending on the vector element).

You can specify the datatype of the vector elements in which this operation is performed on the vector by adding a suffix to the function. Omitting the suffix from the function is equivalent to suffixing it with _F32. All operations are done using the specified datatype. The following table lists the suffixes and their datatype.

Example: SELECT Using VECTOR_SUB() on Existing Rows

The following example executes VECTOR_SUB() on a row containing two vectors. The HEX() built-in function is also used to return a readable form of the binary output.

Create a table with two BLOB-typed columns:

CREATE TABLE vsub_t (a BLOB, b BLOB);

Using the JSON_ARRAY_PACK() built-in function to easily insert properly formatted vectors, insert a row with each vector in a different column:

INSERT INTO vsub_t VALUES(JSON_ARRAY_PACK('[0.7, 0.2, 1.7]'), JSON_ARRAY_PACK('[1.0, 0.5, 2.0]'));

To demonstrate the contents of the table, use the HEX() built-in function to return a readable form of the binary data:

SELECT HEX(a), HEX(b) FROM vsub_t;
****
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| HEX(a)                   | HEX(b)                   |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| 3333333FCDCC4C3E9A99D93F | 0000803F0000003F00000040 |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+

Query the table using the VECTOR_SUB() function in a SELECT statement:

SELECT HEX(VECTOR_SUB(a, b)) FROM vsub_t;
****
+---------------------------+
| HEX(VECTOR_SUB(a, b))     |
+---------------------------+
| 9A9999BE9A9999BE989999BE  |
+---------------------------+

You can also view the vector blob in JSON format using the JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK() function:

SELECT JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK(VECTOR_SUB(a, b)) FROM vsub_t;
****
+------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK(VECTOR_SUB(a, b))      |
+------------------------------------------+
| [-0.300000012,-0.300000012,-0.299999952] |
+------------------------------------------+

Example: VECTOR_SUB() with JSON_ARRAY_PACK()

The following example uses JSON_ARRAY_PACK() as input parameters to the VECTOR_SUB() built-in function. The HEX() built-in function is also used to return a readable form of the binary output:

SELECT HEX(VECTOR_SUB(JSON_ARRAY_PACK('[1.0, 0.5, 2.0]'), JSON_ARRAY_PACK('[0.7, 0.2, 1.7]')));
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| HEX(VECTOR_SUB(JSON_ARRAY_PACK('[1.0, 0.5, 2.0]'), JSON_ARRAY_PACK('[0.7, 0.2, 1.7]'))) |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9A99993E9A99993E9899993E                                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.11 sec)

Example: Typecasting the Datatype Using Suffixes

To perform this operation on vectors specified in a format other than the default 32-bit floating point number, specify a suffix with the VECTOR_SUB() function. For example,

SELECT JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK_I32(VECTOR_SUB_I32(b, a)) FROM vsub_t;
****
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK_I32(VECTOR_SUB_I32(b, a)) |
+---------------------------------------------+
| [5033165,11744051,2516582]                  |
+---------------------------------------------+