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  • Getting Started with SingleStoreDB Cloud
    • About SingleStoreDB Cloud
      • Design Principles
      • Sharding
        • Query Execution
          • High Availability
          • Availability Zone Failure and the Master Aggregator
          • SingleStoreDB Cloud FAQ
            • General
            • Clustering
            • Query Compilation
            • Query Execution
            • Durability
            • Import and Backup
            • SingleStoreDB Cloud and Spark
            • Miscellaneous
        • About Workspaces
          • What is a Workspace
            • Workspaces Implementation
              • Creating and Using Workspaces
            • SingleStoreDB Cloud Editions
            • SingleStoreDB Cloud Sizing Guidelines
              • Sign Up to try SingleStoreDB Cloud
              • Getting Started - Next Steps
                • Purchase SingleStoreDB Cloud
                • Quickstart Loading Data and Running Queries
                  • Guides
                    • Augmenting Your Data Warehouse to Accelerate BI
                    • Building a New Application
                    • Designing for Multi-Tenant Applications
                    • Migrating Data from Another Database
              • Connect to Your Workspace
                • Client and Driver Downloads
                  • SingleStoreDB Cloud Endpoints
                    • Secure the SingleStoreDB Cloud Connection
                      • Server Configuration to Require Secure Client Connections
                    • Connect with Collibra Data Governance
                      • Prerequisites
                      • Connecting Collibra DGC to SingleStoreDB Cloud
                    • Connect with DBeaver
                    • Connect with DbVisualizer
                      • Connect with JetBrains DataGrip
                      • Connect with MySQL
                        • Connect with MySQL Client
                          • MySQL Command-Line Considerations
                          • Connect to SingleStoreDB Cloud using TLS/SSL
                          • MariaDB Command-line Client from MariaDB Server Version 10.3.12 (GPLv2)
                        • Connect with Any MySQL Compatible Tool to SingleStoreDB Cloud
                          • Connect with MySQL Workbench
                        • Connect with SQL Developer
                        • Connect with the SingleStore Client
                          • Connect with the SQL Editor
                          • Connect with Sequel Pro
                          • Connect with SQL Workbench
                          • Connect with Data API
                          • Private Connections
                            • Connect out from SingleStoreDB Cloud via AWS Private Link (Outbound)
                              • Connect to SingleStoreDB Cloud via AWS PrivateLink (Inbound)
                              • Connect out from SingleStoreDB Cloud via Azure Private Link (Outbound)
                                • Connect to SingleStoreDB Cloud via Azure Private Link (inbound)
                                • Connect out from SingleStoreDB Cloud via Google Private Service Connect (Outbound)
                                  • Connect to SingleStoreDB Cloud via Google Private Service Connect (Inbound)
                                • Connect to Your Workspace - Related Topics
                              • Create a Database
                                • Physical Database Schema Design
                                  • Concepts of Physical Database Schema Design
                                    • Choosing a Table Storage Type
                                    • Rowstore
                                    • Columnstore
                                    • Understanding Keys and Indexes in SingleStore
                                    • Understanding Shard Key Selection
                                    • Understanding Clustered Columnstore Key Selection
                                    • Understanding How Datatype Can Affect Performance
                                    • Other Schema Concepts
                                  • Procedures for Physical Database Schema Design
                                    • Physical Schema Design
                                    • Configuring the Columnstore to Work Effectively
                                    • Creating a Columnstore Table
                                    • Detecting and Resolving Data Skew
                                    • Optimizing Table Data Structures
                                    • Specifying Unenforced Unique Constraints
                                    • Using JSON
                                    • Using Persistent Computed Columns
                              • Integrate with SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                • Load Data
                                  • Load Data from a Data Source
                                    • Load Data from Amazon S3 using a Pipeline
                                      • Load Data from Amazon Web Services (AWS)
                                        • Load Data from AWS Glue
                                      • Load Data from Microsoft Azure
                                        • Load Data from Azure Blobs using a Pipeline
                                        • Load Data from Azure Data Factory (ADF)
                                        • Load Data from Azure Event Hubs
                                      • Load Data from Data Virtuality Pipes
                                      • Load Data from Google Cloud Storage (GCS) using a Pipeline
                                        • Prerequisites
                                        • Part 1: Creating a GCS Bucket and Adding a File
                                        • Part 2: Creating a SingleStoreDB Cloud Database and GCS Pipeline
                                        • Next Steps
                                      • Load Data from HDFS using a Pipeline
                                        • Creating and Starting an HDFS Pipeline
                                        • HDFS Pipeline Scenario
                                      • Load Data from HVR
                                      • Load Data from Informatica
                                        • Load Data from Informatica Cloud
                                      • Load Data from Kafka
                                        • Securely Connect to Kafka from SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                        • Load Data from the Confluent Kafka Connector
                                        • Load Data from Kafka Using a Pipeline
                                        • Test your Kafka Cluster using kcat (formerly kafkacat)
                                      • Load Data from MySQL
                                      • Load Data from Qlik Replicate
                                        • Using Qlik Replicate
                                      • Load Data from Spark
                                        • Getting Started
                                        • Installation
                                        • Configuration Settings
                                        • Examples
                                        • Supported Operations
                                        • SQL Pushdown
                                        • Connection Pooling Support
                                        • Parallel Read Support
                                        • Load Balancing Requests
                                        • Data Type Conversions
                                        • Security and Permissions
                                        • Debugging
                                        • Migrate between SingleStore Spark Connector Versions
                                      • Load Data from StreamSets
                                        • Prerequisites
                                        • Connecting StreamSets to SingleStoreDB Cloud via Fast Loader
                                        • SingleStoreDB Cloud Fast Loader vs the JDBC Connector
                                        • Error and Logs
                                        • Frequently Asked Questions
                                      • SingleStore Replicate
                                        • Transform Data with dbt
                                        • Load a Type of Data
                                          • Loading Geospatial Data into SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                          • Example: Load TPC-H Data into SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                            • What is TPC-H?
                                            • Before You Begin
                                            • Create the Database
                                            • Load Data with Pipelines
                                            • Verify Pipeline Success
                                            • Run Queries on Data
                                          • Load and Analyze AdTech Data
                                          • About Loading Data with Pipelines
                                            • Pipeline Concepts
                                              • Overview of Pipelines
                                              • Pipeline Data Sources and Formats
                                              • The Lifecycle of a Pipeline
                                              • Parallelized Data Extraction with Pipelines
                                              • Data Shaping with Pipelines
                                              • Avro Schema Evolution with Pipelines
                                            • Pipeline Procedures
                                              • Detect and Address Slow Performance and High Memory Usage of Pipelines
                                              • View and Handle Pipeline Errors
                                              • Writing Efficient Stored Procedures for Pipelines
                                          • Load Data - Related Topics
                                        • Query Data
                                          • Connect with Analytics and BI Tools
                                            • Connect with Dremio
                                              • Prerequisites
                                              • Configuring JARS and running Dremio
                                              • Connecting Dremio to SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                              • Data Reflection and Query Acceleration
                                              • Best practices guide
                                            • Connect with Looker
                                              • Prerequisites
                                              • Connecting Looker to SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                            • Connect with MicroStrategy
                                              • Connect with Power BI
                                                • Prerequisites
                                                • Data Connectivity Modes
                                                • Connect Power BI Desktop to SingleStoreDB
                                                • Connect Power BI Service to SingleStoreDB via Power BI Gateway
                                              • Connect with Sisense
                                                • Prerequisites
                                                • Connecting Sisense to SingleStoreDB Cloud using ElastiCube Model
                                                • Connecting Sisense to SingleStoreDB Cloud using Live Model
                                              • Connect with Tableau
                                                • Connect with Tableau Desktop
                                                • Connect with Tableau Prep
                                              • Connect with Tibco Spotfire
                                                • Prerequisites
                                                • Connect Tibco Spotfire to SingleStore
                                            • Query Concepts
                                              • Code Generation
                                                • Row Locking
                                                  • Flexible Parallelism
                                                • Query Procedures
                                                  • Basic Query Examples
                                                  • Performing Upserts
                                                    • Read Query Results in Parallel
                                                    • Run UPDATEs and DELETEs as Distributed Transactions
                                                      • Query Tuning
                                                        • Testing Your Queries and Performance
                                                          • Troubleshooting Poorly Performing Queries
                                                          • Statistics and Sampling
                                                            • Statistics and Sampling Concepts
                                                              • Statistics and Sampling Tasks
                                                              • SingleStoreDB Studio Visual Explain
                                                                • Using Visual Explain
                                                                • Metrics Displayed by Visual Explain
                                                                • Example
                                                            • Manage Data
                                                              • Database Storage
                                                                • Attach an Unlimited Storage Database Using Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)
                                                                  • Rename an Unlimited Storage Database
                                                                • Benefits of Unlimited Storage
                                                                • Back Up and Restore Data
                                                                  • Back Up Data
                                                                    • Backup and Restore on S3, Azure or GCS
                                                                    • Items Included in and Excluded from a Backup
                                                                    • Backup Information Schema Tables
                                                                    • Clearing Backup History
                                                                    • Lock-free Backups
                                                                • Export Data
                                                                  • Exporting a Single Database
                                                                  • Exporting All Databases
                                                              • Developer Resources
                                                                • Try SingleStoreDB Cloud for Free
                                                                  • Sign Up to try SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                                                • Connect with Application Development Tools
                                                                  • Connect with C/C++
                                                                    • MariaDB Connector/C (C/C++) Version 3.0.9 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                  • Connect with Go
                                                                    • Connect with Java/JDBC
                                                                      • The SingleStore JDBC Driver
                                                                      • MariaDB Connector/J (JDBC) Version 2.4.0 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                    • Connect with JavaScript
                                                                      • Connect with Node.js
                                                                      • Connect with Node.js using SSL
                                                                    • Connect with Laravel
                                                                    • Connect with .NET and .NET Core
                                                                      • Connect with ODBC
                                                                        • The SingleStore ODBC Driver
                                                                        • MariaDB Connector/ODBC Version 3.0.8 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                        • MySQL Connector/ODBC Version 8.0.26 (GPLv2)
                                                                      • Connect with Perl
                                                                        • DBD-MariaDB Perl Library Version 1.11 (GPLv2)
                                                                        • Connect with Perl
                                                                      • Connect with PHP
                                                                      • Connect with Python
                                                                        • Connect using the SingleStoreDB Python Client
                                                                        • Connect with SQLAlchemy
                                                                        • Supported Python Libraries
                                                                      • Connect with Ruby
                                                                        • Connect with Standard Ruby
                                                                        • Connect with Ruby on Rails
                                                                      • Connect with Rust
                                                                      • Using Prepared Statements
                                                                    • Connect with Data API
                                                                    • Management API
                                                                    • Porting Tables to SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                                                      • Shard keys
                                                                      • Choosing a Shard Key
                                                                    • Concurrent Multi-Insert Examples
                                                                      • Bash
                                                                      • C
                                                                      • C# / .NET Core
                                                                      • Java
                                                                      • Node.js
                                                                      • Python
                                                                    • Unsupported MySQL Features
                                                                      • Unsupported Feature List
                                                                      • Behavior Differences
                                                                    • Transition from MySQL to SingleStoreDB Cloud
                                                                      • Migrating Data with mysqldump
                                                                      • Transitioning Your Application
                                                                    • Functional Extensions
                                                                      • Analyzing Time Series Data
                                                                        • Working with Full-Text Search
                                                                          • Working with Geospatial Features
                                                                            • Working with Window Functions
                                                                            • SQL Reference
                                                                              • SQL Reference Overview
                                                                            • Procedural Extensions
                                                                              • Control Flow
                                                                              • Additional Data Types
                                                                              • Stored Procedures
                                                                              • User-Defined Scalar-Valued Functions (UDFs)
                                                                              • User-Defined Table-Valued Functions (TVFs)
                                                                              • User-Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs)
                                                                              • External Functions
                                                                              • Static Parameterized SQL
                                                                              • Dynamic SQL
                                                                                • Example Dynamic SQL Use Cases
                                                                                • Writing Dynamic SQL
                                                                              • Procedural Extensions Security
                                                                                • Application-Based User Security in Stored Procedures
                                                                                • Security Models Used by Procedural Extensions
                                                                              • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                              • See Also
                                                                            • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                          • User and Workspace Administration
                                                                            • Manage Organizations
                                                                              • Manage Organization Users
                                                                                • Manage Workspaces
                                                                                • Manage Database Users
                                                                                  • Set a Login Attempt Lockout Policy for a Database User
                                                                                  • Use the Workload Manager and Set Resource Limits
                                                                                    • Using the Workload Manager
                                                                                      • Configuring Workload Management
                                                                                      • Query Classification
                                                                                      • Queueing Policy
                                                                                      • Errors and Warnings
                                                                                      • Observing the Status of Workload Management
                                                                                    • Setting Resource Limits
                                                                                      • Creating a New Resource Pool
                                                                                      • Modifying an Existing Resource Pool
                                                                                      • The Built-in Resource Pools
                                                                                      • Setting the resource_pool Value
                                                                                      • Finding the Current resource_pool Value
                                                                                      • MV_RESOURCE_POOL_STATUS
                                                                                      • Query Execution Behavior
                                                                                      • Setting the Default Resource Pool for a User
                                                                                      • Changing the default resource pool for a user
                                                                                      • Selecting a Resource Pool Dynamically
                                                                                    • FAQs
                                                                                  • Workspace Health and Performance
                                                                                    • Active Queries
                                                                                    • Monitoring
                                                                                      • Workload Profiling Overview
                                                                                        • Background
                                                                                        • Enable Advanced Counters
                                                                                        • Concepts
                                                                                    • Billing and Usage
                                                                                      • Flexible Usage Model
                                                                                      • Management API
                                                                                    • Security
                                                                                      • Privacy
                                                                                        • Authentication
                                                                                          • Authenticate via JWT
                                                                                            • Authenticate with SSO
                                                                                              • Authenticate via Browser-based SSO using JWTs
                                                                                              • Configure SingleStore SSO using Azure AD
                                                                                              • Configure SingleStore SSO using Okta
                                                                                              • Configure SingleStore SSO using PingOne
                                                                                              • Troubleshoot SSO Connections
                                                                                            • Configuring a Password Policy
                                                                                              • Password Expiration
                                                                                              • Password Reuse
                                                                                              • Password Complexity
                                                                                            • Configuring and Using Connection Links
                                                                                              • User Advantages
                                                                                              • Using a Connection Link
                                                                                              • Example
                                                                                            • IP Address Allowlisting
                                                                                          • Administration
                                                                                            • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Guide
                                                                                              • Role-based Operations
                                                                                              • Role Creation
                                                                                              • Account Creation
                                                                                              • Appendix: Role-Based Access Control Command Reference
                                                                                            • Row-Level Security (RLS) Deployment Guide
                                                                                            • Encryption
                                                                                              • Customer Managed Encryption Keys
                                                                                                • Cloud Key Management Service for AWS Volume Encryption
                                                                                            • Audit Logging
                                                                                              • Configuring Audit Logging
                                                                                              • Audit Logging Levels
                                                                                                • LOGINS-ONLY
                                                                                                • ADMIN-ONLY and ADMIN-ONLY-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                • WRITES-ONLY and WRITES-ONLY-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                • ALL-QUERIES and ALL-QUERIES-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                • ALL-QUERIES-PLAINTEXT and ALL-QUERIES-PLAINTEXT-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                                • ALL-RESULTS and ALL-RESULTS-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                              • Audit Log File Format
                                                                                                • Log Entry File Schemas
                                                                                                • General Log Entry Schema
                                                                                                • Log Entry Schema for LOGINS-ONLY Level
                                                                                              • View the Audit Logs
                                                                                            • Disaster Recovery
                                                                                            • Reference
                                                                                              • Configuration Reference
                                                                                                • Configuration Reference Overview
                                                                                                • AVX2 Instruction Set Verification
                                                                                                • Engine Variables
                                                                                                  • Engine Variables
                                                                                                  • List of Engine Variables
                                                                                                • System Limits
                                                                                                  • Workspace-Level Limits
                                                                                                  • Database-Level Limits
                                                                                                  • Table-Level Limits
                                                                                                  • Naming Constraints
                                                                                              • Information Schema Reference
                                                                                                • Information Schema
                                                                                                  • Introduction
                                                                                                  • Accessing the Information Schema
                                                                                                  • Examples
                                                                                                • Workspace Component Tables
                                                                                                  • information_schema.AGGREGATORS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLLATIONS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLUMNS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.DISTRIBUTED_DATABASES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.DISTRIBUTED_PARTITIONS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.LEAVES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_CLUSTER_STATUS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_DISTRIBUTED_DATABASES_STATUS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_EVENTS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_HOSTS_INFORMATION
                                                                                                  • information_schema.PARAMETERS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.ROUTINES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.SCHEMATA
                                                                                                  • information_schema.SITES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.VIEWS
                                                                                                • Management Tables
                                                                                                  • Concepts and Terminology
                                                                                                  • mv_activities
                                                                                                  • mv_activities_extended
                                                                                                  • mv_activities_cumulative
                                                                                                  • mv_activities_extended_cumulative
                                                                                                  • mv_aggregated_column_usage
                                                                                                  • mv_aggregated_replication_status
                                                                                                  • mv_blocked_queries
                                                                                                  • mv_collected_row_change_counts
                                                                                                  • mv_finished_tasks
                                                                                                  • mv_global_status
                                                                                                  • mv_global_variables
                                                                                                  • mv_nodes
                                                                                                  • mv_queries
                                                                                                  • mv_query_activities
                                                                                                  • mv_query_activities_extended_cumulative
                                                                                                  • mv_query_column_usage
                                                                                                  • lmv_replication_status
                                                                                                  • mv_replication_status
                                                                                                  • mv_row_change_counts
                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_cpu
                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_cpulist
                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_disk
                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_mem
                                                                                                  • mv_sysinfo_net
                                                                                                  • mv_tasks
                                                                                                • Management Statistics Reference
                                                                                                  • Extended Statistics
                                                                                                  • Simplified Statistics
                                                                                                  • Statistics Availability
                                                                                                  • Advanced Statistics
                                                                                                  • Understanding memory_bs
                                                                                                • Query Performance, Workload Management, and Statistics Tables
                                                                                                  • information_schema.ADVANCED_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLUMN_STATISTICS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.INDEX_STATISTICS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.LMV_JOIN_OPTIMIZATION_RESULTS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.LMV_PROFILE_STATS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_BACKUP_HISTORY
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_BACKUP_STATUS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_BT
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_PLANCACHE
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_PROCESSLIST
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_PROSPECTIVE_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_QUERY_PROSPECTIVE_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_WORKLOAD_MANAGEMENT_STATUS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.PLANCACHE
                                                                                                  • information_schema.RANGE_STATISTICS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.STATISTICS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLE_STATISTICS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.USER_VARIABLES
                                                                                                • Pipelines Tables
                                                                                                  • PIPELINES
                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_BATCHES_SUMMARY
                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_BATCHES
                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_ERRORS
                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_CURSORS
                                                                                                  • PIPELINES_FILES
                                                                                                • Replication Management Tables
                                                                                                  • MV_REPLICATION_MANAGEMENT_ORPHANS_STATE
                                                                                                  • MV_REPLICATION_MANAGEMENT_PARTITIONS_STATE
                                                                                                  • MV_REPLICATION_MANAGEMENT_REF_DB_STATE
                                                                                                  • MV_REPLICATION_MANAGEMENT_STATE
                                                                                                • Resource and User Management Tables
                                                                                                  • information_schema.AVAILABILITY_GROUPS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.CURRENT_USER_GROUPS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.CURRENT_USER_ROLES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.GROUP_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.GROUPS_ROLES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_RESOURCE_POOL_STATUS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.RESOURCE_POOLS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.ROLE_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.USERS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.USERS_GROUPS
                                                                                                • Segment, Column, and Merge Status Tables
                                                                                                  • information_schema.COLUMNAR_SEGMENTS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.IND_CS_PARTITION_ROW_SEGMENT_GROUPS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_COLUMNAR_SEGMENT_INDEX
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_COLUMNSTORE_FILES
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_COLUMNSTORE_MERGE_STATUS
                                                                                                  • information_schema.MV_REBALANCE_STATUS
                                                                                                  • MV_ROW_CHANGE_COUNTS
                                                                                              • SQL Reference
                                                                                                • SQL Reference Overview
                                                                                                • Comparison Operators and Functions
                                                                                                  • BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN
                                                                                                  • NULL Handling
                                                                                                  • LIKE, NOT LIKE
                                                                                                  • IN(), NOT IN()
                                                                                                  • strcmp()
                                                                                                  • Where operators can be used
                                                                                                  • Using Comparison Operators with Date and Time Functions
                                                                                                • Database Object Case-Sensitivity
                                                                                                • Data Types
                                                                                                  • Integer Numbers
                                                                                                  • Real Numbers
                                                                                                  • Time and Date
                                                                                                  • String Types
                                                                                                  • BLOB Types
                                                                                                  • JSON Type
                                                                                                  • Geospatial Types
                                                                                                  • SingleStoreDB Cloud (MemSQL) Procedural SQL (MPSQL) Types
                                                                                                  • Other Types
                                                                                                  • Comparing mismatched datatypes
                                                                                                  • Data Type Conversion
                                                                                                • Character Encoding
                                                                                                  • Working with Character Sets and Collations
                                                                                                  • Character Sets Supported
                                                                                                  • Collations Supported
                                                                                                  • Implicit Collation in Special Cases
                                                                                                • Operations that Take Either a Database or a Workspace Lock
                                                                                                  • Database Locks
                                                                                                  • Workspace Locks
                                                                                                  • Operations that Take Database Locks
                                                                                                  • Operations that Take Workspace Locks
                                                                                                • User-Defined Variables
                                                                                                  • SELECT ... INTO User Defined Variable
                                                                                                  • SET
                                                                                                • Restricted Keywords
                                                                                                  • Escaping Restricted Keywords
                                                                                                  • List of Restricted Keywords
                                                                                                • Aggregate Functions
                                                                                                  • Aggregate Functions
                                                                                                  • ANY_VALUE
                                                                                                  • APPROX_PERCENTILE
                                                                                                  • AVG
                                                                                                  • BIT_AND
                                                                                                  • BIT_OR
                                                                                                  • BIT_XOR
                                                                                                  • COUNT
                                                                                                  • GROUP_CONCAT
                                                                                                  • MAX
                                                                                                  • MEDIAN
                                                                                                  • MIN
                                                                                                  • MOD
                                                                                                  • STD
                                                                                                  • STDDEV_SAMP
                                                                                                  • SUM
                                                                                                  • VARIANCE
                                                                                                  • VAR_SAMP
                                                                                                • Workspace Management Commands
                                                                                                  • Workspace Management Commands
                                                                                                  • Node Requirements for SingleStoreDB Cloud Commands
                                                                                                  • Leaf States
                                                                                                  • EXPLAIN RESTORE REDUNDANCY
                                                                                                  • FILL and FLUSH CONNECTION POOLS
                                                                                                  • FLUSH HOSTS
                                                                                                  • SHOW AGGREGATORS
                                                                                                  • TRIGGER GC
                                                                                                • Code Generation Functions
                                                                                                  • NOPARAM
                                                                                                • Conditional Functions
                                                                                                  • Conditional Functions
                                                                                                  • CASE
                                                                                                  • COALESCE
                                                                                                  • CAST or CONVERT
                                                                                                  • DECODE
                                                                                                  • ELT
                                                                                                  • GREATEST
                                                                                                  • IF
                                                                                                  • ISNULL
                                                                                                  • ISNUMERIC
                                                                                                  • LEAST
                                                                                                  • NULLIF
                                                                                                  • NVL and IFNULL
                                                                                                  • SLEEP
                                                                                                • Data Definition Language DDL
                                                                                                  • Data Definition Language DDL
                                                                                                  • ALTER DATABASE
                                                                                                  • ALTER TABLE
                                                                                                  • ALTER VIEW
                                                                                                  • CREATE DATABASE
                                                                                                  • CREATE INDEX
                                                                                                  • CREATE MILESTONE
                                                                                                  • CREATE TABLE
                                                                                                  • CREATE VIEW
                                                                                                  • DESCRIBE
                                                                                                  • DROP DATABASE
                                                                                                  • DROP INDEX
                                                                                                  • DROP … FROM PLANCACHE
                                                                                                  • DROP TABLE
                                                                                                  • DROP VIEW
                                                                                                  • FLUSH TABLES
                                                                                                  • OPTIMIZE TABLE
                                                                                                  • TRUNCATE
                                                                                                  • UNLOCK TABLES
                                                                                                • Data Manipulation Language DML
                                                                                                  • Data Manipulation Language DML
                                                                                                  • AGGREGATOR SYNC AUTO_INCREMENT
                                                                                                  • BEGIN
                                                                                                  • CLEAR LOAD ERRORS
                                                                                                  • COMMIT
                                                                                                  • CUBE and ROLLUP
                                                                                                  • DELETE
                                                                                                  • EXCEPT and MINUS
                                                                                                  • EXISTS AND NOT EXISTS
                                                                                                  • EXPLAIN
                                                                                                  • INSERT
                                                                                                  • INTERSECT
                                                                                                  • LOAD DATA
                                                                                                  • PROFILE
                                                                                                  • PIVOT
                                                                                                  • REPLACE
                                                                                                  • ROLLBACK
                                                                                                  • SELECT
                                                                                                  • TABLE
                                                                                                  • UNION
                                                                                                  • UPDATE
                                                                                                  • USE
                                                                                                  • WITH (Common Table Expressions)
                                                                                                  • Materializing Common Table Expressions
                                                                                                  • Query Plan Operations
                                                                                                • Date and Time Functions
                                                                                                  • Date and Time Functions
                                                                                                  • ADDTIME
                                                                                                  • CONVERT_TZ
                                                                                                  • CURRENT_DATE And CURDATE
                                                                                                  • CURRENT_TIME And CURTIME
                                                                                                  • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                  • DATE
                                                                                                  • DATEDIFF
                                                                                                  • DATE_ADD
                                                                                                  • DATE_FORMAT
                                                                                                  • DATE_SUB
                                                                                                  • DATE_TRUNC
                                                                                                  • DAY
                                                                                                  • DAYNAME
                                                                                                  • DAYOFWEEK
                                                                                                  • DAYOFYEAR
                                                                                                  • EXTRACT
                                                                                                  • FROM_DAYS
                                                                                                  • FROM_UNIXTIME
                                                                                                  • GET_FORMAT
                                                                                                  • HOUR
                                                                                                  • LAST_DAY
                                                                                                  • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                                                                                                  • MICROSECOND
                                                                                                  • MINUTE
                                                                                                  • MONTH
                                                                                                  • MONTHNAME
                                                                                                  • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                                                                                                  • NOW
                                                                                                  • QUARTER
                                                                                                  • SECOND
                                                                                                  • SEC_TO_TIME
                                                                                                  • STR_TO_DATE
                                                                                                  • TIME
                                                                                                  • TIMEDIFF
                                                                                                  • TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                  • TIMESTAMPADD
                                                                                                  • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                                                                                                  • TIME_FORMAT
                                                                                                  • TIME_TO_SEC
                                                                                                  • TO_CHAR
                                                                                                  • TO_DATE
                                                                                                  • TO_DAYS
                                                                                                  • TO_SECONDS
                                                                                                  • TO_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                  • TRUNC
                                                                                                  • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                  • UTC_DATE
                                                                                                  • UTC_TIME
                                                                                                  • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                                  • WEEK
                                                                                                  • WEEKDAY
                                                                                                  • YEAR
                                                                                                • Distinct Count Estimation Functions
                                                                                                  • Distinct Count Estimation Functions
                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_ACCUMULATE
                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_COMBINE
                                                                                                  • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_ESTIMATE
                                                                                                • Full-Text Search Functions
                                                                                                  • Full-Text Search Functions
                                                                                                  • HIGHLIGHT
                                                                                                  • MATCH
                                                                                                • Geospatial Functions
                                                                                                  • Geospatial Functions
                                                                                                  • APPROX_GEOGRAPHY_INTERSECTS
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_AREA
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_CONTAINS
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_DISTANCE
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_INTERSECTS
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_LATITUDE
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_LENGTH
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_LONGITUDE
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_POINT
                                                                                                  • GEOGRAPHY_WITHIN_DISTANCE
                                                                                                • Identifier Generation Functions
                                                                                                  • SYS_GUID and UUID
                                                                                                • Information Functions
                                                                                                  • Information Functions
                                                                                                  • CONNECTION_ID
                                                                                                  • DATABASE
                                                                                                  • ESTIMATED_QUERY_LEAF_MEMORY
                                                                                                  • ESTIMATED_QUERY_RUNTIME
                                                                                                  • FOUND_ROWS
                                                                                                  • LAST_INSERT_ID
                                                                                                  • ROW_COUNT
                                                                                                  • USER
                                                                                                • JSON Functions
                                                                                                  • JSON Functions
                                                                                                  • JSON_AGG
                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS_<type>
                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_PUSH_<type>
                                                                                                  • JSON_BUILD_OBJECT
                                                                                                  • JSON_DELETE_KEY
                                                                                                  • JSON_EXTRACT_<type>
                                                                                                  • JSON_GET_TYPE
                                                                                                  • JSON Keypaths
                                                                                                  • JSON_KEYS
                                                                                                  • JSON_LENGTH
                                                                                                  • JSON_PRETTY
                                                                                                  • JSON_SET_<type>
                                                                                                  • JSON_SPLICE_<type>
                                                                                                  • JSON_TO_ARRAY
                                                                                                  • TO_JSON
                                                                                                • Numeric Functions
                                                                                                  • Numeric Functions
                                                                                                  • ABS
                                                                                                  • SIGN
                                                                                                  • EXP
                                                                                                  • ACOS
                                                                                                  • ASIN
                                                                                                  • ATAN
                                                                                                  • ATAN2, ATAN
                                                                                                  • BIT_COUNT
                                                                                                  • bitwise AND (&)
                                                                                                  • bitwise NOT (~)
                                                                                                  • bitwise OR (|)
                                                                                                  • bitwise XOR (^)
                                                                                                  • bitwise left shift (<<)
                                                                                                  • bitwise right shift (>>)
                                                                                                  • CEIL
                                                                                                  • CONV
                                                                                                  • COS
                                                                                                  • COT
                                                                                                  • LN
                                                                                                  • LOG2
                                                                                                  • LOG10
                                                                                                  • DEGREES
                                                                                                  • FLOOR
                                                                                                  • LOG
                                                                                                  • PI
                                                                                                  • POW
                                                                                                  • RADIANS
                                                                                                  • RAND
                                                                                                  • ROUND
                                                                                                  • SIGMOID
                                                                                                  • SIN
                                                                                                  • SQRT
                                                                                                  • TAN
                                                                                                  • TO_NUMBER
                                                                                                  • TRUNC
                                                                                                  • TRUNCATE
                                                                                                • Operational Commands
                                                                                                  • Operational Commands
                                                                                                  • ANALYZE
                                                                                                  • ATTACH DATABASE
                                                                                                  • BACKUP DATABASE
                                                                                                  • CHECK BLOB CHECKSUM
                                                                                                  • CHECK BOTTOMLESS CHECKSUM
                                                                                                  • DETACH DATABASE
                                                                                                  • KILL CONNECTION
                                                                                                  • KILLALL QUERIES
                                                                                                  • REPAIR DATABASE
                                                                                                  • RESTORE DATABASE
                                                                                                  • SELECT GLOBAL
                                                                                                  • SET and SET SESSION
                                                                                                  • SET AGGREGATOR
                                                                                                  • SET CLUSTER
                                                                                                  • SET GLOBAL
                                                                                                  • SET LEAF
                                                                                                  • SHOW REPLICATION STATUS
                                                                                                  • Replication Distribution Tree
                                                                                                  • SNAPSHOT DATABASE
                                                                                                • Pipelines Commands
                                                                                                  • Pipelines Commands
                                                                                                  • ALTER PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • CREATE PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • CREATE PIPELINE ... INTO PROCEDURE
                                                                                                  • CREATE PIPELINE ... WITH TRANSFORM
                                                                                                  • Additional CREATE PIPELINE Examples
                                                                                                  • DETACH PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • DROP PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • PROFILE PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • START PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • STOP PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • TEST PIPELINE
                                                                                                • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                                  • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                                  • Anonymous Code Blocks
                                                                                                  • Control Flow Statements
                                                                                                  • Exceptions and Exception Handling
                                                                                                  • MySQL Client Delimiters
                                                                                                  • Transactions in Stored Procedures
                                                                                                  • CREATE AGGREGATE
                                                                                                  • CREATE [OR REPLACE] EXTERNAL FUNCTION
                                                                                                  • CREATE FUNCTION (UDF)
                                                                                                  • CREATE FUNCTION (TVF)
                                                                                                  • CREATE PROCEDURE
                                                                                                  • CREATE [OR REPLACE] TEMPORARY PROCEDURE …
                                                                                                  • DROP FUNCTION
                                                                                                  • DROP PROCEDURE
                                                                                                  • DROP AGGREGATE
                                                                                                  • SHOW AGGREGATES
                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE AGGREGATE
                                                                                                  • SHOW FUNCTIONS
                                                                                                  • SHOW PROCEDURES
                                                                                                  • ARRAY
                                                                                                  • CALL
                                                                                                  • CREATE_ARRAY
                                                                                                  • COLLECT
                                                                                                  • ECHO
                                                                                                  • ECHO SELECT
                                                                                                  • EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
                                                                                                  • INSERT_ALL
                                                                                                  • RECORD
                                                                                                  • ROW
                                                                                                  • QUERY
                                                                                                  • SCALAR
                                                                                                  • TO_QUERY
                                                                                                • Regular Expression Functions
                                                                                                  • Regular Expression Commands
                                                                                                  • REGEXP_INSTR
                                                                                                  • REGEXP_REPLACE
                                                                                                  • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                                                                                                  • RLIKE and REGEXP
                                                                                                • Resource Pool Commands
                                                                                                  • Resource Pool Commands and Functions
                                                                                                  • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                                  • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                                  • DROP RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                                  • SHOW RESOURCE POOLS
                                                                                                • Security Management Commands
                                                                                                  • Security Management Commands
                                                                                                  • ALTER USER
                                                                                                  • CREATE GROUP
                                                                                                  • CREATE LINK
                                                                                                  • CREATE ROLE
                                                                                                  • CREATE USER
                                                                                                  • CURRENT_SECURITY_GROUPS
                                                                                                  • CURRENT_SECURITY_ROLES
                                                                                                  • CURRENT_USER
                                                                                                  • DROP GROUP
                                                                                                  • DROP LINK
                                                                                                  • DROP ROLE
                                                                                                  • DROP USER
                                                                                                  • GRANT
                                                                                                  • GRANT GROUP
                                                                                                  • GRANT ROLE
                                                                                                  • REVOKE
                                                                                                  • REVOKE GROUP
                                                                                                  • REVOKE ROLE
                                                                                                  • SECURITY_LISTS_INTERSECT
                                                                                                  • SET PASSWORD
                                                                                                  • SHOW GRANTS
                                                                                                  • SHOW GROUPS
                                                                                                  • SHOW GROUPS FOR ROLE
                                                                                                  • SHOW GROUPS FOR USER
                                                                                                  • SHOW LINKS
                                                                                                  • SHOW ROLES
                                                                                                  • SHOW ROLES FOR GROUP
                                                                                                  • SHOW ROLES FOR USER
                                                                                                  • SHOW USERS
                                                                                                  • SHOW USERS FOR GROUP
                                                                                                  • SHOW USERS FOR ROLE
                                                                                                  • Permissions Matrix
                                                                                                  • Default Mode Permissions Changes
                                                                                                  • Strict Mode Permissions
                                                                                                • SHOW Commands
                                                                                                  • SHOW Commands
                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE PIPELINE
                                                                                                  • SHOW COLUMNS
                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE TABLE
                                                                                                  • SHOW CREATE VIEW
                                                                                                  • SHOW DATABASES
                                                                                                  • SHOW DATABASE STATUS
                                                                                                  • SHOW ERRORS
                                                                                                  • SHOW GLOBAL STATUS
                                                                                                  • SHOW INDEX, SHOW INDEXES, SHOW KEYS
                                                                                                  • SHOW INDEXES
                                                                                                  • SHOW KEYS
                                                                                                  • SHOW LOAD ERRORS
                                                                                                  • SHOW LOAD WARNINGS
                                                                                                  • SHOW PARTITIONS
                                                                                                  • SHOW PIPELINES
                                                                                                  • SHOW PLAN
                                                                                                  • SHOW PLANCACHE
                                                                                                  • SHOW PROCESSLIST
                                                                                                  • SHOW REPRODUCTION
                                                                                                  • SHOW SCHEMAS
                                                                                                  • SHOW SESSION STATUS
                                                                                                  • SHOW STATUS EXTENDED
                                                                                                  • SHOW TABLE STATUS
                                                                                                  • SHOW TABLES
                                                                                                  • SHOW VARIABLES
                                                                                                  • SHOW WARNINGS
                                                                                                  • System Status
                                                                                                • String Functions
                                                                                                  • String Functions
                                                                                                  • AES_DECRYPT
                                                                                                  • AES_ENCRYPT
                                                                                                  • ASCII
                                                                                                  • BIN
                                                                                                  • BINARY
                                                                                                  • CHAR
                                                                                                  • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                                                                                                  • CHARSET
                                                                                                  • CONCAT
                                                                                                  • CONCAT_WS
                                                                                                  • CRC32
                                                                                                  • FIELD
                                                                                                  • FORMAT
                                                                                                  • FROM_BASE64
                                                                                                  • QUOTE
                                                                                                  • HEX
                                                                                                  • INET_ATON
                                                                                                  • INET_NTOA
                                                                                                  • INET6_ATON
                                                                                                  • INET6_NTOA
                                                                                                  • INITCAP
                                                                                                  • INSTR
                                                                                                  • LCASE
                                                                                                  • LEFT
                                                                                                  • LENGTH
                                                                                                  • LOCATE
                                                                                                  • LPAD
                                                                                                  • LTRIM
                                                                                                  • MD5
                                                                                                  • REPLACE
                                                                                                  • RIGHT
                                                                                                  • RPAD
                                                                                                  • RTRIM
                                                                                                  • SECRET
                                                                                                  • SHA1
                                                                                                  • SHA2
                                                                                                  • SPLIT
                                                                                                  • STRING_BYTES
                                                                                                  • SUBSTRING
                                                                                                  • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                                                                                                  • TO_BASE64
                                                                                                  • TRIM
                                                                                                  • UCASE
                                                                                                  • UNHEX
                                                                                                • Time Series Functions
                                                                                                  • Time Series Functions
                                                                                                  • FIRST
                                                                                                  • LAST
                                                                                                  • TIME_BUCKET
                                                                                                • Vector Functions
                                                                                                  • Vector Functions
                                                                                                  • DOT_PRODUCT
                                                                                                  • EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE
                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_PACK
                                                                                                  • JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK
                                                                                                  • SCALAR_VECTOR_MUL
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_ADD
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_ELEMENTS_SUM
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_KTH_ELEMENT
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_MUL
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_NUM_ELEMENTS
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SORT
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SUB
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SUM
                                                                                                  • VECTOR_SUBVECTOR
                                                                                                • Window Functions
                                                                                                  • Window Functions
                                                                                                  • DENSE_RANK
                                                                                                  • FIRST_VALUE
                                                                                                  • LAG
                                                                                                  • LAST_VALUE
                                                                                                  • LEAD
                                                                                                  • NTH_VALUE
                                                                                                  • NTILE
                                                                                                  • PERCENT_RANK
                                                                                                  • PERCENTILE_CONT and MEDIAN
                                                                                                  • PERCENTILE_DISC
                                                                                                  • RANK
                                                                                                  • ROW_NUMBER
                                                                                              • Troubleshooting Reference
                                                                                                • Network Errors
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1158 (08S01): Leaf Error (): Error reading packet ### from the connection socket (): Connection timed out
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1735: Unable to connect … Timed out reading from socket
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1970 (HY000): Subprocess /var/lib/memsql/master-3306/extractors/kafka-extract –get-offsets –kafka-version=0.8.2.2 timed out
                                                                                                  • ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket “/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock”
                                                                                                  • ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: SSL is required but the server doesn’t support it
                                                                                                  • ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths failed
                                                                                                  • ERROR: Distributed Join Error. Leaf X cannot connect to Leaf Y.
                                                                                                • Operations Errors
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1218 (08S01): Error connecting to master: master is running an incompatible version of MemSQL
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1795: Cannot SHOW PARTITIONS. Database memsql is not sharded.
                                                                                                  • ERROR: Partition’s table metadata are out of sync for table
                                                                                                • Pipeline Errors
                                                                                                  • Detect and Address Slow Performance and High Memory Usage of Pipelines
                                                                                                  • View and Handle Pipeline Errors
                                                                                                  • S3 Authentication Errors
                                                                                                • Query Errors
                                                                                                  • ERROR 2408 (HY000): ER_COMPILATION_TIMEOUT: Query compilation timed out and cannot be executed
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1064 ER_PARSE_ERROR: Unhandled exception Type: ER_PARSE_ERROR (1064)
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1706 (HY000): Feature “Multi-table UPDATE/DELETE with a reference table as target table” is not supported by MemSQL
                                                                                                  • ERROR 1706 (HY000): Leaf Error (127.0.0.1:3307): Feature “INSERT IGNORE … ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE” is not supported by MemSQL
                                                                                                  • ISSUE: Inconsistent Query Run Times
                                                                                                  • ISSUE: Long Running Queries Blocking DDL Operations and Workload
                                                                                              • System Databases
                                                                                              • Data API
                                                                                                • Data API Authentication
                                                                                                • Access the Data API
                                                                                                • Enable the Data API
                                                                                                  • Data API Data Type Conversion
                                                                                                    • Data API Error Handling
                                                                                                    • Data API Endpoint Reference
                                                                                                      • exec
                                                                                                      • ping
                                                                                                      • query/rows
                                                                                                      • query/tuples
                                                                                                      • spec
                                                                                                  • Management API
                                                                                                    • API Reference
                                                                                                  • Code Engine - Powered by Wasm
                                                                                                    • Create Wasm UDFs
                                                                                                      • Create Wasm TVFs
                                                                                                    • Release Notes
                                                                                                      • SingleStoreDB Cloud Release Notes
                                                                                                        • 7.8 Release Notes
                                                                                                          • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                          • 7.6 Release Notes
                                                                                                            • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                            • 7.5 Release Notes
                                                                                                              • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                              • 7.3 Release Notes
                                                                                                                • 7.3 Release Highlights
                                                                                                                  • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                  • 7.1 Release Notes
                                                                                                                    • Release Highlights
                                                                                                                      • Additional Features and Improvements in this Release
                                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                        • 7.0 Release Notes
                                                                                                                          • Release Highlights
                                                                                                                          • Query Execution
                                                                                                                          • Query Optimization
                                                                                                                          • Data Storage, Loading, and Backup
                                                                                                                          • System Management
                                                                                                                          • Functional Extensions
                                                                                                                          • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                                          • Documentation Changelog
                                                                                                                            • 2022-04-01
                                                                                                                            • 2021-10-01
                                                                                                                            • 2021-07-01
                                                                                                                            • 2021-03-01
                                                                                                                            • 2021-02-01
                                                                                                                            • 2021-01-19
                                                                                                                        • Support
                                                                                                                          • SingleStoreDB Cloud Maintenance
                                                                                                                            • SingleStoreDB Cloud Maintenance Notices
                                                                                                                            • SingleStoreDB Cloud Scheduled Updates
                                                                                                                            • SingleStoreDB Cloud Status
                                                                                                                            • SingleStore Support FAQ
                                                                                                                              • How Support Works
                                                                                                                                • Who is eligible to receive Support?
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                                                                                                                                • Can I upgrade my Support Tier?
                                                                                                                                • Where can I go for help if I do not have access to paid support?
                                                                                                                                • When should I use SingleStore Support?
                                                                                                                                • How do I sign up for an account on SingleStore’s Support Portal?
                                                                                                                                • How do I file a support ticket?
                                                                                                                                • What does each ticket severity level mean?
                                                                                                                                • What should I include in my Support ticket?
                                                                                                                                • How do I share files with SingleStore Support?
                                                                                                                                • When can I expect a response to my Support ticket?
                                                                                                                                • Why am I not getting emails from SingleStore Support?
                                                                                                                              • What is the End of Life (EOL) Policy for SingleStore Software?
                                                                                                                            • Obtain Help and Support
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                                                                                                                            Last modified: June 22, 2022
                                                                                                                            Publication date: