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  • Getting Started with Managed Service
    • About Managed Service
      • Design Principles
      • Cluster Components
        • Flexible Parallelism
        • Sharding
          • Query Execution
            • High Availability
            • Managed Service FAQ
              • General
              • Clustering
              • Query Compilation
              • Query Execution
              • Durability
              • Import and Backup
              • SingleStore DB and Spark
              • Miscellaneous
          • Managed Service Editions
          • Sign Up to try SingleStore
          • Create a Managed Service Cluster
            • Getting Started - Next Steps
              • Purchase Managed Service
              • Tutorials
                • Augmenting Your Data Warehouse to Accelerate BI
                • Building a New Application
                • Migrating Data from Another Database
                • Quickstart Loading Data and Running Queries
          • Connect to Your Cluster
            • Client and Driver Downloads
              • Managed Service Endpoints
                • Secure the Managed Service Connection
                  • Server Configuration to Require Secure Client Connections
                • Connect with Collibra Data Governance
                  • Prerequisites
                  • Connecting Collibra DGC to SingleStore DB
                • Connect with DBeaver
                • Connect with JetBrains DataGrip
                • Connect with MySQL
                  • Connect with MySQL Client
                    • MySQL Command-Line Considerations
                    • Connect to SingleStore using TLS/SSL
                    • MariaDB Command-line Client from MariaDB Server Version 10.3.12 (GPLv2)
                  • Connect with Any MySQL Compatible Tool to SingleStore
                    • Connect with MySQL Workbench
                  • Connect with SQL Developer
                  • Connect with the SingleStore Client
                    • Connect with the SQL Editor
                    • Connect with Sequel Pro
                    • Connect with SQL Workbench
                    • Connect with HTTP API
                    • Private Connections
                      • Connect out from Managed Service via AWS Private Link (Outbound)
                        • Connect to Managed Service via AWS PrivateLink (Inbound)
                        • Connect out from Managed Service via Azure Private Link (Outbound)
                          • Connect to Managed Service via Azure Private Link (inbound)
                          • Connect out from Managed Service via Google Private Service Connect (Outbound)
                            • Connect to Managed Service via Google Private Service Connect (Inbound)
                          • Connect to Your Cluster - Related Topics
                        • Create a Database
                          • Physical Database Schema Design
                            • Concepts of Physical Database Schema Design
                              • Choosing a Table Storage Type
                              • Rowstore
                              • Columnstore
                              • Understanding Keys and Indexes in SingleStore
                              • Understanding Shard Key Selection
                              • Understanding Clustered Columnstore Key Selection
                              • Understanding How Datatype Can Affect Performance
                              • Other Schema Concepts
                            • Procedures for Physical Database Schema Design
                              • Physical Schema Design
                              • Configuring the Columnstore to Work Effectively
                              • Creating a Columnstore Table
                              • Detecting and Resolving Data Skew
                              • Optimizing Table Data Structures
                              • Specifying Unenforced Unique Constraints
                              • Using JSON
                              • Using Persistent Computed Columns
                        • Integrate with SingleStore
                          • Load Data
                            • Load Data from a Data Source
                              • Load Data from Amazon S3 using a Pipeline
                                • Load Data from Amazon Web Services (AWS)
                                  • Load Data from AWS Glue
                                • Load Data from Microsoft Azure
                                  • Load Data from Azure Blobs using a Pipeline
                                  • Load Data from Azure Data Factory (ADF)
                                  • Load Data from Azure Event Hubs
                                • Load Data from Data Virtuality Pipes
                                • Load Data from Google Cloud Storage (GCS) using a Pipeline
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Part 1: Creating a GCS Bucket and Adding a File
                                  • Part 2: Creating a SingleStore Database and GCS Pipeline
                                  • Next Steps
                                • Load Data from HDFS using a Pipeline
                                  • Creating and Starting an HDFS Pipeline
                                  • HDFS Pipeline Scenario
                                • Load Data from HVR
                                • Load Data from Informatica
                                  • Load Data from Informatica Cloud
                                • Load Data from Kafka
                                  • Securely Connect to Kafka from SingleStore
                                  • Load Data from the Confluent Kafka Connector
                                  • Load Data from Kafka Using a Pipeline
                                  • Test your Kafka Cluster using kcat (formerly kafkacat)
                                • Load Data from MySQL
                                • Load Data from Qlik Replicate
                                  • Using Qlik Replicate
                                • Load Data from Spark
                                  • Getting Started
                                  • Installation
                                  • Configuration Settings
                                  • Examples
                                  • Supported Operations
                                  • SQL Pushdown
                                  • Parallel Read Support
                                  • Load Balancing Requests
                                  • Data Type Conversions
                                  • Security and Permissions
                                  • Debugging
                                  • Migrate between SingleStore Spark Connector Versions
                                • Load Data from StreamSets
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Connecting StreamSets to SingleStore DB via Fast Loader
                                  • SingleStore DB Fast Loader vs the JDBC Connector
                                  • Error and Logs
                                  • Frequently Asked Questions
                                • Load Data from Talend Open Studio
                                  • Prerequisites
                                  • Creating and Designing a Talend Job
                                  • Adding Components to the Job
                                  • Configuring Components and Running the Job
                                  • SingleStore DB Job Components - Details and Properties
                                • SingleStore Replicate
                                  • Transform Data with dbt
                                  • Load a Type of Data
                                    • Loading Geospatial Data into SingleStore
                                    • Example: Load TPC-H Data into SingleStore DB
                                      • What is TPC-H?
                                      • Before You Begin
                                      • Create the Database
                                      • Load Data with Pipelines
                                      • Verify Pipeline Success
                                      • Run Queries on Data
                                    • Load and Analyze AdTech Data
                                    • About Loading Data with Pipelines
                                      • Pipeline Concepts
                                        • Overview of Pipelines
                                        • Pipeline Data Sources and Formats
                                        • The Lifecycle of a Pipeline
                                        • Parallelized Data Extraction with Pipelines
                                        • Data Shaping with Pipelines
                                        • Avro Schema Evolution with Pipelines
                                      • Pipeline Procedures
                                        • Detect and Address Slow Performance and High Memory Usage of Pipelines
                                        • View and Handle Pipeline Errors
                                        • Writing Efficient Stored Procedures for Pipelines
                                    • Load Data - Related Topics
                                  • Query Data
                                    • Connect with Analytics and BI Tools
                                      • Connect with Dremio
                                        • Prerequisites
                                        • Configuring JARS and running Dremio
                                        • Connecting Dremio to SingleStore
                                        • Data Reflection and Query Acceleration
                                        • Best practices guide
                                      • Connect with Looker
                                        • Prerequisites
                                        • Connecting Looker to SingleStore DB
                                      • Connect with MicroStrategy
                                        • Connect with Power BI
                                          • Prerequisites
                                          • Data Connectivity Modes
                                          • Connect Power BI Desktop to SingleStore
                                          • Connect Power BI Service to SingleStore via Power BI Gateway
                                        • Connect with Sisense
                                          • Prerequisites
                                          • Connecting Sisense to SingleStore DB using ElastiCube Model
                                          • Connecting Sisense to SingleStore DB using Live Model
                                        • Connect with Tableau
                                          • Connect with Tableau
                                          • Connect with Tableau Prep
                                        • Connect with Tibco Spotfire
                                          • Prerequisites
                                          • Connect Tibco Spotfire to SingleStore
                                      • Query Concepts
                                        • Code Generation
                                          • Row Locking
                                          • Query Procedures
                                            • Basic Query Examples
                                            • Performing Upserts
                                              • Read Query Results in Parallel
                                              • Run UPDATEs and DELETEs as Distributed Transactions
                                                • Query Tuning
                                                  • Testing Your Queries and Performance
                                                    • Troubleshooting Poorly Performing Queries
                                                    • Statistics and Sampling
                                                      • Statistics and Sampling Concepts
                                                        • Statistics and Sampling Tasks
                                                        • SingleStore DB Studio Visual Explain
                                                          • Using Visual Explain
                                                          • Metrics Displayed by Visual Explain
                                                          • Example
                                                      • Manage Data
                                                        • Database Storage
                                                          • Attach an Unlimited Storage Database Using Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)
                                                            • Rename an Unlimited Storage Database
                                                          • Benefits of Unlimited Storage
                                                          • Back Up and Restore Data
                                                            • Back Up Data
                                                              • Backup and Restore on S3 and Azure
                                                              • Items Included in and Excluded from a Backup
                                                              • Backup Information Schema Tables
                                                              • Clearing Backup History
                                                              • Lock-free Backups
                                                          • Export Data
                                                            • Exporting a Single Database
                                                            • Exporting All Databases
                                                        • Developer Resources
                                                          • Try Managed Service for Free
                                                            • Sign Up to try SingleStore
                                                          • Connect with Application Development Tools
                                                            • Connect with C/C++
                                                              • MariaDB Connector/C (C/C++) Version 3.0.9 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                            • Connect with C#/.NET
                                                              • Connect with Go
                                                                • Connect with Java/JDBC
                                                                  • The SingleStore JDBC Driver
                                                                  • MariaDB Connector/J (JDBC) Version 2.4.0 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                • Connect with JavaScript
                                                                  • Connect with Node.js
                                                                  • Connect with Node.js using SSL
                                                                • Connect with Laravel
                                                                • Connect with ODBC
                                                                  • The SingleStore ODBC Driver
                                                                  • MariaDB Connector/ODBC Version 3.0.8 (LGPLv2.1)
                                                                  • MySQL Connector/ODBC Version 8.0.26 (GPLv2)
                                                                • Connect with Perl
                                                                  • DBD-MariaDB Perl Library Version 1.11 (GPLv2)
                                                                  • Connect with Perl
                                                                • Connect with PHP
                                                                • Connect with Python
                                                                  • MySQL Connector/Python Version 2.1.7 (GPLv2)
                                                                  • MySQL Connector/Python Version 8.0.15 (GPLv2)
                                                                  • Python Client Library Setup Instructions
                                                                  • Connect with Standard Python
                                                                  • Connect with SQLAlchemy
                                                                • Connect with Ruby
                                                                  • Connect with Standard Ruby
                                                                  • Connect with Ruby on Rails
                                                                • Connect with Rust
                                                                • Using Prepared Statements
                                                              • Connect with HTTP API
                                                              • Management API
                                                              • Porting Tables to SingleStore DB
                                                                • Shard keys
                                                                • Choosing a Shard Key
                                                              • Concurrent Multi-Insert Examples
                                                                • Bash
                                                                • C
                                                                • C# / .NET Core
                                                                • Java
                                                                • Node.js
                                                                • Python
                                                              • Unsupported MySQL Features
                                                                • Unsupported Feature List
                                                                • Behavior Differences
                                                              • Transition from MySQL to SingleStore DB
                                                                • Migrating Data with mysqldump
                                                                • Transitioning Your Application
                                                              • Functional Extensions
                                                                • Analyzing Time Series Data
                                                                  • Working with Full-Text Search
                                                                    • Working with Geospatial Features
                                                                      • Working with Window Functions
                                                                      • SQL Reference
                                                                        • SQL Reference Overview
                                                                      • Procedural Extensions
                                                                        • Control Flow
                                                                        • Additional Data Types
                                                                        • Stored Procedures
                                                                        • User-Defined Scalar-Valued Functions (UDFs)
                                                                        • User-Defined Table-Valued Functions (TVFs)
                                                                        • User-Defined Aggregate Functions (UDAFs)
                                                                        • External Functions
                                                                        • Static Parameterized SQL
                                                                        • Dynamic SQL
                                                                          • Example Dynamic SQL Use Cases
                                                                          • Writing Dynamic SQL
                                                                        • Procedural Extensions Security
                                                                          • Application-Based User Security in Stored Procedures
                                                                          • Security Models Used by Procedural Extensions
                                                                        • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                        • See Also
                                                                      • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                    • User and Cluster Administration
                                                                      • Manage Organizations
                                                                        • Manage Organization Users
                                                                          • Manage Clusters
                                                                          • Manage Database Users
                                                                            • Set a Login Attempt Lockout Policy for a Database User
                                                                            • Cluster Health and Performance
                                                                              • Active Queries
                                                                              • Workload Profiling Overview
                                                                                • Background
                                                                                • Enable Advanced Counters
                                                                                • Concepts
                                                                            • Billing and Usage
                                                                              • Flexible Usage Model
                                                                              • singlestore CLI
                                                                                • singlestore CLI Reference
                                                                                  • create-cluster
                                                                                  • list-clusters
                                                                                  • list-regions
                                                                                  • resume-cluster
                                                                                  • suspend-cluster
                                                                                  • terminate-cluster
                                                                                  • version
                                                                              • Management API
                                                                            • Security
                                                                              • Privacy
                                                                                • Authentication
                                                                                  • Authenticate with SSO
                                                                                    • Configure SingleStore SSO using Azure AD
                                                                                    • Configure SingleStore SSO using Okta
                                                                                    • Configure SingleStore SSO using PingOne
                                                                                    • Troubleshoot SSO Connections
                                                                                  • Configuring a Password Policy
                                                                                    • Password Expiration
                                                                                    • Password Reuse
                                                                                    • Password Complexity
                                                                                  • Configuring and Using Connection Links
                                                                                    • User Advantages
                                                                                    • Using a Connection Link
                                                                                    • Example
                                                                                  • IP Address Whitelisting
                                                                                • Administration
                                                                                  • Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Guide
                                                                                    • Role-based Operations
                                                                                    • Role Creation
                                                                                    • Account Creation
                                                                                    • Appendix: Role-Based Access Control Command Reference
                                                                                  • Row-Level Security (RLS) Deployment Guide
                                                                                  • Encryption
                                                                                    • Customer Managed Encryption Keys
                                                                                      • Cloud Key Management Service for AWS Volume Encryption
                                                                                  • Audit Logging
                                                                                    • Configuring Audit Logging
                                                                                    • Audit Logging Levels
                                                                                      • LOGINS-ONLY
                                                                                      • ADMIN-ONLY and ADMIN-ONLY-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                      • WRITES-ONLY and WRITES-ONLY-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                      • ALL-QUERIES and ALL-QUERIES-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                      • ALL-QUERIES-PLAINTEXT and ALL-QUERIES-PLAINTEXT-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                      • ALL-RESULTS and ALL-RESULTS-INCLUDING-PARSE-FAILS
                                                                                    • Audit Log File Format
                                                                                      • Log Entry File Schemas
                                                                                      • General Log Entry Schema
                                                                                      • Log Entry Schema for LOGINS-ONLY Level
                                                                                    • View the Audit Logs
                                                                                  • Disaster Recovery
                                                                                  • Reference
                                                                                    • Configuration Reference
                                                                                      • Configuration Reference Overview
                                                                                      • Cross-AZ in Managed Service
                                                                                      • AVX2 Instruction Set Verification
                                                                                      • System Limits
                                                                                        • Cluster-Level Limits
                                                                                        • Database-Level Limits
                                                                                        • Table-Level Limits
                                                                                        • Naming Constraints
                                                                                    • Information Schema Reference
                                                                                      • Information Schema
                                                                                        • Introduction
                                                                                        • Accessing the Information Schema
                                                                                        • Examples
                                                                                      • Cluster Component Tables
                                                                                        • information_schema.AGGREGATORS
                                                                                        • information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS
                                                                                        • information_schema.COLLATIONS
                                                                                        • information_schema.COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY
                                                                                        • information_schema.COLUMNS
                                                                                        • information_schema.DISTRIBUTED_DATABASES
                                                                                        • information_schema.DISTRIBUTED_PARTITIONS
                                                                                        • information_schema.LEAVES
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_CLUSTER_STATUS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_DISTRIBUTED_DATABASES_STATUS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_EVENTS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_HOSTS_INFORMATION
                                                                                        • information_schema.PARAMETERS
                                                                                        • information_schema.ROUTINES
                                                                                        • information_schema.SCHEMATA
                                                                                        • information_schema.SITES
                                                                                        • information_schema.TABLES
                                                                                        • information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
                                                                                        • information_schema.VIEWS
                                                                                      • Management Tables
                                                                                        • Concepts and Terminology
                                                                                        • mv_activities
                                                                                        • mv_activities_extended
                                                                                        • mv_activities_cumulative
                                                                                        • mv_activities_extended_cumulative
                                                                                        • mv_aggregated_column_usage
                                                                                        • mv_aggregated_replication_status
                                                                                        • mv_blocked_queries
                                                                                        • mv_collected_row_change_counts
                                                                                        • mv_finished_tasks
                                                                                        • mv_global_status
                                                                                        • mv_global_variables
                                                                                        • mv_nodes
                                                                                        • mv_queries
                                                                                        • mv_query_activities
                                                                                        • mv_query_activities_extended_cumulative
                                                                                        • mv_query_column_usage
                                                                                        • lmv_replication_status
                                                                                        • mv_replication_status
                                                                                        • mv_row_change_counts
                                                                                        • mv_sysinfo_cpu
                                                                                        • mv_sysinfo_cpulist
                                                                                        • mv_sysinfo_disk
                                                                                        • mv_sysinfo_mem
                                                                                        • mv_sysinfo_net
                                                                                        • mv_tasks
                                                                                      • Management Statistics Reference
                                                                                        • Extended Statistics
                                                                                        • Simplified Statistics
                                                                                        • Statistics Availability
                                                                                        • Advanced Statistics
                                                                                        • Understanding memory_bs
                                                                                      • Query Performance, Workload Management, and Statistics Tables
                                                                                        • information_schema.ADVANCED_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                        • information_schema.AGGREGATE_FUNCTIONS
                                                                                        • information_schema.COLUMN_STATISTICS
                                                                                        • information_schema.INDEX_STATISTICS
                                                                                        • information_schema.LMV_JOIN_OPTIMIZATION_RESULTS
                                                                                        • information_schema.LMV_PROFILE_STATS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_BACKUP_HISTORY
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_BACKUP_STATUS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_BT
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_PLANCACHE
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_PROCESSLIST
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_PROSPECTIVE_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_QUERY_PROSPECTIVE_HISTOGRAMS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_WORKLOAD_MANAGEMENT_STATUS
                                                                                        • information_schema.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS
                                                                                        • information_schema.PLANCACHE
                                                                                        • information_schema.RANGE_STATISTICS
                                                                                        • information_schema.STATISTICS
                                                                                        • information_schema.TABLE_STATISTICS
                                                                                        • information_schema.USER_VARIABLES
                                                                                      • Pipelines Tables
                                                                                        • PIPELINES
                                                                                        • PIPELINES_BATCHES_SUMMARY
                                                                                        • PIPELINES_BATCHES
                                                                                        • PIPELINES_ERRORS
                                                                                        • PIPELINES_CURSORS
                                                                                        • PIPELINES_FILES
                                                                                      • Resource and User Management Tables
                                                                                        • information_schema.AVAILABILITY_GROUPS
                                                                                        • information_schema.CURRENT_USER_GROUPS
                                                                                        • information_schema.CURRENT_USER_ROLES
                                                                                        • information_schema.GROUP_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                        • information_schema.GROUPS_ROLES
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_RESOURCE_POOL_STATUS
                                                                                        • information_schema.RESOURCE_POOLS
                                                                                        • information_schema.ROLE_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                        • information_schema.SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                        • information_schema.TABLE_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                        • information_schema.USER_PRIVILEGES
                                                                                        • information_schema.USERS
                                                                                        • information_schema.USERS_GROUPS
                                                                                      • Segment, Column, and Merge Status Tables
                                                                                        • information_schema.COLUMNAR_SEGMENTS
                                                                                        • information_schema.IND_CS_PARTITION_ROW_SEGMENT_GROUPS
                                                                                        • information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_COLUMNAR_SEGMENT_INDEX
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_COLUMNSTORE_FILES
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_COLUMNSTORE_MERGE_STATUS
                                                                                        • information_schema.MV_REBALANCE_STATUS
                                                                                        • MV_ROW_CHANGE_COUNTS
                                                                                    • SQL Reference
                                                                                      • SQL Reference Overview
                                                                                      • Comparison Operators and Functions
                                                                                        • BETWEEN, NOT BETWEEN
                                                                                        • NULL Handling
                                                                                        • LIKE, NOT LIKE
                                                                                        • IN(), NOT IN()
                                                                                        • strcmp()
                                                                                        • Where operators can be used
                                                                                        • Using Comparison Operators with Date and Time Functions
                                                                                      • Database Object Case-Sensitivity
                                                                                      • Data Types
                                                                                        • Integer Numbers
                                                                                        • Real Numbers
                                                                                        • Time and Date
                                                                                        • String Types
                                                                                        • BLOB Types
                                                                                        • JSON Type
                                                                                        • Geospatial Types
                                                                                        • SingleStore DB (MemSQL) Procedural SQL (MPSQL) Types
                                                                                        • Other Types
                                                                                        • Comparing mismatched datatypes
                                                                                        • Data Type Conversion
                                                                                      • Character Encoding
                                                                                        • Working with Character Sets and Collations
                                                                                        • Character Sets Supported
                                                                                        • Collations Supported
                                                                                        • Implicit Collation in Special Cases
                                                                                      • Operations that Take Either a Database or a Cluster Lock
                                                                                        • Database Locks
                                                                                        • Cluster Locks
                                                                                        • Operations that Take Database Locks
                                                                                        • Operations that Take Cluster Locks
                                                                                      • User-Defined Variables
                                                                                        • SELECT ... INTO User Defined Variable
                                                                                        • SET
                                                                                      • Restricted Keywords
                                                                                        • Escaping Restricted Keywords
                                                                                        • List of Restricted Keywords
                                                                                      • Aggregate Functions
                                                                                        • Aggregate Functions
                                                                                        • ANY_VALUE
                                                                                        • APPROX_PERCENTILE
                                                                                        • AVG
                                                                                        • BIT_AND
                                                                                        • BIT_OR
                                                                                        • BIT_XOR
                                                                                        • COUNT
                                                                                        • GROUP_CONCAT
                                                                                        • MAX
                                                                                        • MEDIAN
                                                                                        • MIN
                                                                                        • MOD
                                                                                        • STD
                                                                                        • STDDEV_SAMP
                                                                                        • SUM
                                                                                        • VARIANCE
                                                                                        • VAR_SAMP
                                                                                        • VECTOR_SUM
                                                                                      • Cluster Management Commands
                                                                                        • Cluster Management Commands
                                                                                        • Node Requirements for SingleStore DB Commands
                                                                                        • Leaf States
                                                                                        • EXPLAIN RESTORE REDUNDANCY
                                                                                        • FLUSH HOSTS
                                                                                        • TRIGGER GC
                                                                                      • Code Generation Functions
                                                                                        • NOPARAM
                                                                                      • Conditional Functions
                                                                                        • Conditional Functions
                                                                                        • CASE
                                                                                        • COALESCE
                                                                                        • CAST or CONVERT
                                                                                        • DECODE
                                                                                        • ELT
                                                                                        • GREATEST
                                                                                        • IF
                                                                                        • ISNULL
                                                                                        • ISNUMERIC
                                                                                        • LEAST
                                                                                        • NULLIF
                                                                                        • NVL and IFNULL
                                                                                        • SLEEP
                                                                                      • Data Definition Language DDL
                                                                                        • Data Definition Language DDL
                                                                                        • ALTER DATABASE
                                                                                        • ALTER TABLE
                                                                                        • ALTER VIEW
                                                                                        • CREATE DATABASE
                                                                                        • CREATE INDEX
                                                                                        • CREATE MILESTONE
                                                                                        • CREATE TABLE
                                                                                        • CREATE VIEW
                                                                                        • DESCRIBE
                                                                                        • DROP DATABASE
                                                                                        • DROP INDEX
                                                                                        • DROP … FROM PLANCACHE
                                                                                        • DROP TABLE
                                                                                        • DROP VIEW
                                                                                        • FLUSH TABLES
                                                                                        • OPTIMIZE TABLE
                                                                                        • TRUNCATE
                                                                                        • UNLOCK TABLES
                                                                                      • Data Manipulation Language DML
                                                                                        • Data Manipulation Language DML
                                                                                        • AGGREGATOR SYNC AUTO_INCREMENT
                                                                                        • BEGIN
                                                                                        • CLEAR LOAD ERRORS
                                                                                        • COMMIT
                                                                                        • CUBE and ROLLUP
                                                                                        • DELETE
                                                                                        • EXCEPT and MINUS
                                                                                        • EXISTS AND NOT EXISTS
                                                                                        • EXPLAIN
                                                                                        • INSERT
                                                                                        • INTERSECT
                                                                                        • LOAD DATA
                                                                                        • PROFILE
                                                                                        • PIVOT
                                                                                        • REPLACE
                                                                                        • ROLLBACK
                                                                                        • SELECT
                                                                                        • TABLE
                                                                                        • UNION
                                                                                        • UPDATE
                                                                                        • USE
                                                                                        • WITH (Common Table Expressions)
                                                                                        • Materializing Common Table Expressions
                                                                                        • Query Plan Operations
                                                                                      • Date and Time Functions
                                                                                        • Date and Time Functions
                                                                                        • ADDTIME
                                                                                        • CONVERT_TZ
                                                                                        • CURRENT_DATE And CURDATE
                                                                                        • CURRENT_TIME And CURTIME
                                                                                        • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                        • DATE
                                                                                        • DATEDIFF
                                                                                        • DATE_ADD
                                                                                        • DATE_FORMAT
                                                                                        • DATE_SUB
                                                                                        • DATE_TRUNC
                                                                                        • DAY
                                                                                        • DAYNAME
                                                                                        • DAYOFWEEK
                                                                                        • DAYOFYEAR
                                                                                        • EXTRACT
                                                                                        • FROM_DAYS
                                                                                        • FROM_UNIXTIME
                                                                                        • GET_FORMAT
                                                                                        • HOUR
                                                                                        • LAST_DAY
                                                                                        • LOCALTIMESTAMP
                                                                                        • MICROSECOND
                                                                                        • MINUTE
                                                                                        • MONTH
                                                                                        • MONTHNAME
                                                                                        • MONTHS_BETWEEN
                                                                                        • NOW
                                                                                        • QUARTER
                                                                                        • SECOND
                                                                                        • SEC_TO_TIME
                                                                                        • STR_TO_DATE
                                                                                        • TIME
                                                                                        • TIMEDIFF
                                                                                        • TIMESTAMP
                                                                                        • TIMESTAMPADD
                                                                                        • TIMESTAMPDIFF
                                                                                        • TIME_FORMAT
                                                                                        • TIME_TO_SEC
                                                                                        • TO_CHAR
                                                                                        • TO_DATE
                                                                                        • TO_DAYS
                                                                                        • TO_SECONDS
                                                                                        • TO_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                        • TRUNC
                                                                                        • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                        • UTC_DATE
                                                                                        • UTC_TIME
                                                                                        • UTC_TIMESTAMP
                                                                                        • WEEK
                                                                                        • WEEKDAY
                                                                                        • YEAR
                                                                                      • Distinct Count Estimation Functions
                                                                                        • Distinct Count Estimation Functions
                                                                                        • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
                                                                                        • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_ACCUMULATE
                                                                                        • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_COMBINE
                                                                                        • APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_ESTIMATE
                                                                                      • Full-Text Search Functions
                                                                                        • Full-Text Search Functions
                                                                                        • HIGHLIGHT
                                                                                        • MATCH
                                                                                      • Geospatial Functions
                                                                                        • Geospatial Functions
                                                                                        • APPROX_GEOGRAPHY_INTERSECTS
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_AREA
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_CONTAINS
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_DISTANCE
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_INTERSECTS
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_LATITUDE
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_LENGTH
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_LONGITUDE
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_POINT
                                                                                        • GEOGRAPHY_WITHIN_DISTANCE
                                                                                      • Identifier Generation Functions
                                                                                        • SYS_GUID and UUID
                                                                                      • Information Functions
                                                                                        • Information Functions
                                                                                        • CONNECTION_ID
                                                                                        • DATABASE
                                                                                        • ESTIMATED_QUERY_LEAF_MEMORY
                                                                                        • ESTIMATED_QUERY_RUNTIME
                                                                                        • FOUND_ROWS
                                                                                        • LAST_INSERT_ID
                                                                                        • ROW_COUNT
                                                                                        • USER
                                                                                      • JSON Functions
                                                                                        • JSON Functions
                                                                                        • JSON_AGG
                                                                                        • JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS_<type>
                                                                                        • JSON_ARRAY_PUSH_<type>
                                                                                        • JSON_BUILD_OBJECT
                                                                                        • JSON_DELETE_KEY
                                                                                        • JSON_EXTRACT_<type>
                                                                                        • JSON_GET_TYPE
                                                                                        • JSON Keypaths
                                                                                        • JSON_KEYS
                                                                                        • JSON_LENGTH
                                                                                        • JSON_PRETTY
                                                                                        • JSON_SET_<type>
                                                                                        • JSON_SPLICE_<type>
                                                                                        • JSON_TO_ARRAY
                                                                                        • TO_JSON
                                                                                      • Numeric Functions
                                                                                        • Numeric Functions
                                                                                        • ABS
                                                                                        • SIGN
                                                                                        • EXP
                                                                                        • ACOS
                                                                                        • ASIN
                                                                                        • ATAN
                                                                                        • ATAN2, ATAN
                                                                                        • BIT_COUNT
                                                                                        • bitwise AND (&)
                                                                                        • bitwise NOT (~)
                                                                                        • bitwise OR (|)
                                                                                        • bitwise XOR (^)
                                                                                        • bitwise left shift (<<)
                                                                                        • bitwise right shift (>>)
                                                                                        • CEIL
                                                                                        • CONV
                                                                                        • COS
                                                                                        • COT
                                                                                        • LN
                                                                                        • LOG2
                                                                                        • LOG10
                                                                                        • DEGREES
                                                                                        • FLOOR
                                                                                        • LOG
                                                                                        • PI
                                                                                        • POW
                                                                                        • RADIANS
                                                                                        • RAND
                                                                                        • ROUND
                                                                                        • SIGMOID
                                                                                        • SIN
                                                                                        • SQRT
                                                                                        • TAN
                                                                                        • TO_NUMBER
                                                                                        • TRUNC
                                                                                        • TRUNCATE
                                                                                      • Operational Commands
                                                                                        • Operational Commands
                                                                                        • ANALYZE
                                                                                        • ATTACH DATABASE
                                                                                        • BACKUP DATABASE
                                                                                        • CHECK BLOB CHECKSUM
                                                                                        • CHECK BOTTOMLESS CHECKSUM
                                                                                        • DETACH DATABASE
                                                                                        • KILL CONNECTION
                                                                                        • KILLALL QUERIES
                                                                                        • REPAIR DATABASE
                                                                                        • RESTORE DATABASE
                                                                                        • SELECT GLOBAL
                                                                                        • SET LEAF
                                                                                        • SHOW REPLICATION STATUS
                                                                                        • Replication Distribution Tree
                                                                                        • SNAPSHOT DATABASE
                                                                                      • Pipelines Commands
                                                                                        • Pipelines Commands
                                                                                        • ALTER PIPELINE
                                                                                        • CREATE PIPELINE
                                                                                        • CREATE PIPELINE ... INTO PROCEDURE
                                                                                        • CREATE PIPELINE ... WITH TRANSFORM
                                                                                        • DROP PIPELINE
                                                                                        • PROFILE PIPELINE
                                                                                        • START PIPELINE
                                                                                        • STOP PIPELINE
                                                                                        • TEST PIPELINE
                                                                                      • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                        • Procedural SQL Reference
                                                                                        • Anonymous Code Blocks
                                                                                        • Control Flow Statements
                                                                                        • Exceptions and Exception Handling
                                                                                        • MySQL Client Delimiters
                                                                                        • Transactions in Stored Procedures
                                                                                        • CREATE AGGREGATE
                                                                                        • CREATE [OR REPLACE] EXTERNAL FUNCTION
                                                                                        • CREATE FUNCTION (UDF)
                                                                                        • CREATE FUNCTION (TVF)
                                                                                        • CREATE PROCEDURE
                                                                                        • CREATE [OR REPLACE] TEMPORARY PROCEDURE …
                                                                                        • DROP FUNCTION
                                                                                        • DROP PROCEDURE
                                                                                        • DROP AGGREGATE
                                                                                        • SHOW AGGREGATES
                                                                                        • SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
                                                                                        • SHOW CREATE AGGREGATE
                                                                                        • SHOW FUNCTIONS
                                                                                        • SHOW PROCEDURES
                                                                                        • ARRAY
                                                                                        • CALL
                                                                                        • CREATE_ARRAY
                                                                                        • COLLECT
                                                                                        • ECHO
                                                                                        • ECHO SELECT
                                                                                        • EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
                                                                                        • INSERT_ALL
                                                                                        • RECORD
                                                                                        • ROW
                                                                                        • QUERY
                                                                                        • SCALAR
                                                                                        • TO_QUERY
                                                                                      • Regular Expression Functions
                                                                                        • Regular Expression Commands
                                                                                        • REGEXP_INSTR
                                                                                        • REGEXP_REPLACE
                                                                                        • REGEXP_SUBSTR
                                                                                        • RLIKE and REGEXP
                                                                                      • Resource Pool Commands
                                                                                        • Resource Pool Commands and Functions
                                                                                        • ALTER RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                        • CREATE RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                        • DROP RESOURCE POOL
                                                                                        • SHOW RESOURCE POOLS
                                                                                      • Security Management Commands
                                                                                        • Security Management Commands
                                                                                        • ALTER USER
                                                                                        • CREATE GROUP
                                                                                        • CREATE LINK
                                                                                        • CREATE ROLE
                                                                                        • CREATE USER
                                                                                        • CURRENT_SECURITY_GROUPS
                                                                                        • CURRENT_SECURITY_ROLES
                                                                                        • CURRENT_USER
                                                                                        • DROP GROUP
                                                                                        • DROP LINK
                                                                                        • DROP ROLE
                                                                                        • DROP USER
                                                                                        • GRANT
                                                                                        • GRANT GROUP
                                                                                        • GRANT ROLE
                                                                                        • REVOKE
                                                                                        • REVOKE GROUP
                                                                                        • REVOKE ROLE
                                                                                        • SECURITY_LISTS_INTERSECT
                                                                                        • SET PASSWORD
                                                                                        • SHOW GRANTS
                                                                                        • SHOW GROUPS
                                                                                        • SHOW GROUPS FOR ROLE
                                                                                        • SHOW GROUPS FOR USER
                                                                                        • SHOW LINKS
                                                                                        • SHOW ROLES
                                                                                        • SHOW ROLES FOR GROUP
                                                                                        • SHOW ROLES FOR USER
                                                                                        • SHOW USERS
                                                                                        • SHOW USERS FOR GROUP
                                                                                        • SHOW USERS FOR ROLE
                                                                                        • Permissions Matrix
                                                                                        • Default Mode Permissions Changes
                                                                                        • Strict Mode Permissions
                                                                                      • SHOW Commands
                                                                                        • SHOW Commands
                                                                                        • SHOW CREATE PIPELINE
                                                                                        • SHOW COLUMNS
                                                                                        • SHOW CREATE TABLE
                                                                                        • SHOW CREATE VIEW
                                                                                        • SHOW DATABASES
                                                                                        • SHOW DATABASE STATUS
                                                                                        • SHOW ERRORS
                                                                                        • SHOW GLOBAL STATUS
                                                                                        • SHOW INDEX, SHOW INDEXES, SHOW KEYS
                                                                                        • SHOW INDEXES
                                                                                        • SHOW KEYS
                                                                                        • SHOW LOAD ERRORS
                                                                                        • SHOW LOAD WARNINGS
                                                                                        • SHOW PARTITIONS
                                                                                        • SHOW PIPELINES
                                                                                        • SHOW PLAN
                                                                                        • SHOW PLANCACHE
                                                                                        • SHOW PROCESSLIST
                                                                                        • SHOW REPRODUCTION
                                                                                        • SHOW SCHEMAS
                                                                                        • SHOW SESSION STATUS
                                                                                        • SHOW STATUS EXTENDED
                                                                                        • SHOW TABLE STATUS
                                                                                        • SHOW TABLES
                                                                                        • SHOW VARIABLES
                                                                                        • SHOW WARNINGS
                                                                                        • System Status
                                                                                      • String Functions
                                                                                        • String Functions
                                                                                        • AES_DECRYPT
                                                                                        • AES_ENCRYPT
                                                                                        • ASCII
                                                                                        • BIN
                                                                                        • BINARY
                                                                                        • CHAR
                                                                                        • CHARACTER_LENGTH
                                                                                        • CHARSET
                                                                                        • CONCAT
                                                                                        • CONCAT_WS
                                                                                        • CRC32
                                                                                        • FIELD
                                                                                        • FORMAT
                                                                                        • FROM_BASE64
                                                                                        • QUOTE
                                                                                        • HEX
                                                                                        • INET_ATON
                                                                                        • INET_NTOA
                                                                                        • INET6_ATON
                                                                                        • INET6_NTOA
                                                                                        • INITCAP
                                                                                        • INSTR
                                                                                        • LCASE
                                                                                        • LEFT
                                                                                        • LENGTH
                                                                                        • LOCATE
                                                                                        • LPAD
                                                                                        • LTRIM
                                                                                        • MD5
                                                                                        • REPLACE
                                                                                        • RIGHT
                                                                                        • RPAD
                                                                                        • RTRIM
                                                                                        • SECRET
                                                                                        • SHA1
                                                                                        • SHA2
                                                                                        • SPLIT
                                                                                        • STRING_BYTES
                                                                                        • SUBSTRING
                                                                                        • SUBSTRING_INDEX
                                                                                        • TO_BASE64
                                                                                        • TRIM
                                                                                        • UCASE
                                                                                        • UNHEX
                                                                                      • Time Series Functions
                                                                                        • Time Series Functions
                                                                                        • FIRST
                                                                                        • LAST
                                                                                        • TIME_BUCKET
                                                                                      • Vector Functions
                                                                                        • Vector Functions
                                                                                        • DOT_PRODUCT
                                                                                        • EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE
                                                                                        • JSON_ARRAY_PACK
                                                                                        • JSON_ARRAY_UNPACK
                                                                                        • SCALAR_VECTOR_MUL
                                                                                        • VECTOR_ADD
                                                                                        • VECTOR_ELEMENTS_SUM
                                                                                        • VECTOR_KTH_ELEMENT
                                                                                        • VECTOR_MUL
                                                                                        • VECTOR_NUM_ELEMENTS
                                                                                        • VECTOR_SORT
                                                                                        • VECTOR_SUB
                                                                                        • VECTOR_SUBVECTOR
                                                                                      • Window Functions
                                                                                        • Window Functions
                                                                                        • DENSE_RANK
                                                                                        • FIRST_VALUE
                                                                                        • LAG
                                                                                        • LAST_VALUE
                                                                                        • LEAD
                                                                                        • NTH_VALUE
                                                                                        • NTILE
                                                                                        • PERCENT_RANK
                                                                                        • PERCENTILE_CONT and MEDIAN
                                                                                        • PERCENTILE_DISC
                                                                                        • RANK
                                                                                        • ROW_NUMBER
                                                                                    • Troubleshooting Reference
                                                                                      • Network Errors
                                                                                        • ERROR 1158 (08S01): Leaf Error (): Error reading packet ### from the connection socket (): Connection timed out
                                                                                        • ERROR 1735: Unable to connect … Timed out reading from socket
                                                                                        • ERROR 1970 (HY000): Subprocess /var/lib/memsql/master-3306/extractors/kafka-extract –get-offsets –kafka-version=0.8.2.2 timed out
                                                                                        • ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket “/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock”
                                                                                        • ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: SSL is required but the server doesn’t support it
                                                                                        • ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error: SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths failed
                                                                                        • ERROR: Distributed Join Error. Leaf X cannot connect to Leaf Y.
                                                                                      • Operations Errors
                                                                                        • ERROR 1218 (08S01): Error connecting to master: master is running an incompatible version of MemSQL
                                                                                        • ERROR 1795: Cannot SHOW PARTITIONS. Database memsql is not sharded.
                                                                                        • ERROR: Partition’s table metadata are out of sync for table
                                                                                      • Pipeline Errors
                                                                                        • Detect and Address Slow Performance and High Memory Usage of Pipelines
                                                                                        • View and Handle Pipeline Errors
                                                                                        • S3 Authentication Errors
                                                                                      • Query Errors
                                                                                        • ERROR 1064 ER_PARSE_ERROR: Unhandled exception Type: ER_PARSE_ERROR (1064)
                                                                                        • ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
                                                                                        • ERROR 1706 (HY000): Feature “Multi-table UPDATE/DELETE with a reference table as target table” is not supported by MemSQL
                                                                                        • ERROR 1706 (HY000): Leaf Error (127.0.0.1:3307): Feature “INSERT IGNORE … ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE” is not supported by MemSQL
                                                                                        • ISSUE: Inconsistent Query Run Times
                                                                                        • ISSUE: Long Running Queries Blocking DDL Operations and Workload
                                                                                    • System Databases
                                                                                    • HTTP API
                                                                                      • HTTP API Authentication
                                                                                      • Accessing the HTTP API
                                                                                      • Enabling the HTTP API
                                                                                        • HTTP API Data Type Conversion
                                                                                          • HTTP API Error Handling
                                                                                          • HTTP API Endpoint Reference
                                                                                            • exec
                                                                                            • ping
                                                                                            • query/rows
                                                                                            • query/tuples
                                                                                            • spec
                                                                                        • Management API
                                                                                          • API Reference
                                                                                      • Release Notes
                                                                                        • 7.8 Release Notes
                                                                                          • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                          • 7.6 Release Notes
                                                                                            • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                            • 7.5 Release Notes
                                                                                              • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                              • 7.3 Release Notes
                                                                                                • 7.3 Release Highlights
                                                                                                  • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                  • 7.1 Release Notes
                                                                                                    • Release Highlights
                                                                                                      • Additional Features and Improvements in this Release
                                                                                                        • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                        • 7.0 Release Notes
                                                                                                          • Release Highlights
                                                                                                          • Query Execution
                                                                                                          • Query Optimization
                                                                                                          • Data Storage, Loading, and Backup
                                                                                                          • System Management
                                                                                                          • Functional Extensions
                                                                                                          • Maintenance Release Changelog
                                                                                                          • Documentation Changelog
                                                                                                            • 2022-04-01
                                                                                                            • 2021-10-01
                                                                                                            • 2021-07-01
                                                                                                            • 2021-03-01
                                                                                                            • 2021-02-01
                                                                                                            • 2021-01-19
                                                                                                        • Support
                                                                                                          • Managed Service Maintenance
                                                                                                            • Managed Service Maintenance Notices
                                                                                                            • Managed Service Scheduled Updates
                                                                                                            • Managed Service Status
                                                                                                            • SingleStore Support FAQ
                                                                                                              • How Support Works
                                                                                                                • Who is eligible to receive Support?
                                                                                                                • What are the different Support Tiers available?
                                                                                                                • Can I upgrade my Support Tier?
                                                                                                                • Where can I go for help if I do not have access to paid support?
                                                                                                                • When should I use SingleStore Support?
                                                                                                                • How do I sign up for an account on SingleStore’s Support Portal?
                                                                                                                • How do I file a support ticket?
                                                                                                                • What does each ticket severity level mean?
                                                                                                                • What should I include in my Support ticket?
                                                                                                                • How do I share files with SingleStore Support?
                                                                                                                • When can I expect a response to my Support ticket?
                                                                                                                • Why am I not getting emails from SingleStore Support?
                                                                                                              • What is the End of Life (EOL) Policy for SingleStore Software?
                                                                                                            • Obtain Help and Support
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                                                                                                          2022-04-01

                                                                                                          • The following guides are revamped to include new content:

                                                                                                            • Connect with Power BI

                                                                                                            • Load Data from AWS Glue

                                                                                                            • Load Data from Data Virtuality Pipes

                                                                                                            • Load Data from Spark

                                                                                                          • Connect with Application Development Tools section now includes the following guides:

                                                                                                            • Connect with Laravel

                                                                                                            • Connect with Rust

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                                                                                                            Last modified: April 12, 2022
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